II. Definitions

  1. Cerebral Sinus
    1. Cerebral Sinuses are the venous return of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
    2. Venous channels (sinuses) drain ultimately into the Jugular Vein

III. Background

  1. Images
    1. neuroVenousSinus.png
    2. cnsVenousSinus.jpg
  2. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage
    1. CSF starts in the Cerebral Ventricles (produced in Choroid plexus of Lateral Ventricles)
    2. CSF enters the sinuses via the arachnoid villi of the Superior Sagittal Sinus, Straight Sinus and occipital sinus
    3. CSF ultimately enters Transverse Sinuses and drains into the bilateral internal Jugular Veins
  3. Venous sinuses
    1. Encased in the dura matter (outer Meninges)
    2. Separated from the arteries within the pia matter (inner Meninges) by the intervening arachnoid layer
    3. .

IV. Anatomy: Major Cerebral Sinuses

  1. Superior Sagittal Sinus
    1. Drains cerebrospinal fluid
    2. Saggital sinus thrombosis may occur (presenting with severe Headache)
  2. Cavernous Sinus
    1. Drains venous blood from the eye
    2. May act as a conduit for spreading infection intracranially from Orbital Cellulitis, other serious facial infections
  3. Transverse Sinus
    1. Runs in the vicinity of the ear (with risk of contiguious spread from inner ear infections)

V. Anatomy: Other Cerebral Sinuses

  1. Inferior Sagittal Sinus
    1. Contained in the falx cerebri
  2. Straight Sinus
    1. Contained in the tentorium cerebelli

VI. Pathophysiology

  1. Venous Sinus Thrombosis
    1. As with other veins, venous thrombosis may affect cerebral veins
    2. Presents with Headache, Vision change and stroke-like symptoms
  2. Cavernous Sinus Complications
    1. Risk of infection (spread from orbital veins), compression (e.g. Pituitary Adenoma) and thrombosis
    2. Risk of neurovascular injury or compression
      1. Contains Internal Carotid Artery, Cranial Nerves 2, 4, 5 and 6 within a 1-2 cm diameter region

VII. References

  1. Goldberg (2014) Clinical Neuroanatomy, Medmaster, p. 6-15
  2. Netter (1997) Atlas Human Anatomy, ICON Learning, p. 97-98

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Related Studies

Ontology: Cranial Sinuses (C0010271)

Definition (NCI) Venous channels within the dura mater of the brain which receives both blood from blood vessels within the brain as well as cerebrospinal fluid then drains into the internal jugular vein. Unlike other blood vessels, dural venous sinuses lack valves and other vessel associated layers.
Definition (NCI_CDISC) Venous channels within the dura mater of the brain which receives both blood from blood vessels within the brain as well as cerebrospinal fluid then drains into the internal jugular vein. Unlike other blood vessels, dural venous sinuses lack valves and other vessel associated layers.
Definition (MSH) Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of DURA MATER, the endosteal and the meningeal layers. They are devoid of valves and are parts of the venous system of dura mater. Major cranial sinuses include a postero-superior group (such as superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight, transverse, and occipital) and an antero-inferior group (such as cavernous, petrosal, and basilar plexus).
Concepts Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSH D003392
SnomedCT 244399009, 54944003
English Cranial Sinuses, Sinuses, Cranial, Sinuses, Cranial Venous, Venous Sinuses, Cranial, Cranial Venous Sinuses, Intracranial Sinuses, Sinuses, Intracranial, Dural venous sinuses set, Cranial dural venous sinus, Dural venous sinuses, Set of dural venous sinuses, dural venous sinuses, cranial sinus, cranial sinuses, dural sinuses, dural sinus, dural venous sinus, Cranial Sinus, Dural Venous Sinus, Cerebral Sinus, Dural venous sinus (body structure), DURAL VENOUS SINUS, Dural sinus, Dural venous sinus, Cranial sinus, Dural sinus (body structure), Cranial sinus, NOS, Dural sinus, NOS
Swedish Hjärnsinus
Czech sinus craniales
Finnish Kallonsisäiset veriviemärit
French Sinus veineux intracrâniens, Sinus veineux crâniens
German Durasinus, Sinus durae matris, Sinus venosi durales, Hirnsinus
Russian CHEREPNYE SINUSY, ЧЕРЕПНЫЕ СИНУСЫ
Japanese 硬膜静脈洞
Croatian Not Translated[Cranial Sinuses]
Polish Zatoki żylne czaszki
Norwegian Sinus venosi durales, Sinus durae matris, Hjernesinus
Spanish seno venoso de la duramadre (estructura corporal), seno venoso de la duramadre, seno craneal, seno dural (estructura corporal), seno dural, Senos Craneales
Italian Seni cranici
Dutch Hersensinus, Sinus durae matris
Portuguese Cavidades Cranianas

Ontology: Superior sagittal sinus (C0226859)

Definition (MSH) The long large endothelium-lined venous channel on the top outer surface of the brain. It receives blood from a vein in the nasal cavity, runs backwards, and gradually increases in size as blood drains from veins of the brain and the DURA MATER. Near the lower back of the CRANIUM, the superior sagittal sinus deviates to one side (usually the right) and continues on as one of the TRANSVERSE SINUSES.
Definition (NCI) An intracranial venous sinus that lies in a superior and midline location above the interhemispheric fissure along the superior border of the falx cerebri of the brain. The sinus receives blood from the cerebral veins and drains posteriorly into the lateral sinuses of the brain, which in turn drain into the internal jugular veins.
Concepts Body Space or Junction (T030)
MSH D054063
SnomedCT 24773008
English Superior Longitudinal Sinus, Longitudinal Sinus, Superior, Sinus Sagittalis Superior, Sinus, Superior Longitudinal, Superior Sagittal Sinus, Sinus, Superior Sagittal, Sinus sagittalis superior, Superior sagittal sinus structure (body structure), Superior sagittal sinus structure, Greater Sagittal Sinus, Sagittal Sinus, Greater, Sagittal Sinus, Superior, Superior sagittal sinus
Portuguese Seio Sagital Superior
Spanish Seno Sagital Superior, estructura del seno sagital superior (estructura corporal), estructura del seno sagital superior, seno sagital superior
Finnish Ylempi nuoliveriviemäri
French Sinus veineux longitudinal supérieur, Sinus longitudinal supérieur, Sinus veineux sagittal supérieur, SSS (Sinus Sagittal Supérieur), Sinus sagittal supérieur
German Sinus sagittalis superior
Italian Seno sagittale superiore, Seno longitudinale superiore
Russian SINUS SAGITAL'NYI VERKHNII, СИНУС САГИТАЛЬНЫЙ ВЕРХНИЙ
Czech sinus sagittalis superior
Swedish Övre mittställda blodledaren
Polish Zatoka strzałkowa górna, Zatoka podłużna górna
Japanese 上矢状静脈洞
Norwegian Sinus sagittalis superior

Ontology: Structure of transverse sinus (C0226864)

Definition (MSH) The two large endothelium-lined venous channels that begin at the internal occipital protuberance at the back and lower part of the CRANIUM and travels laterally and forward ending in the internal jugular vein (JUGULAR VEINS). One of the transverse sinuses, usually the right one, is the continuation of the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS. The other transverse sinus is the continuation of the straight sinus.
Concepts Body Space or Junction (T030)
MSH D054064
SnomedCT 28448002
English Sinuses, Transverse, Transverse Sinuses, Lateral Sinuses, Transverse Sinuse, Sinus Transversus, Transversus, Sinus, Lateral Sinus, Lateral Sinuse, Sinuses, Lateral, Sinus, Lateral, TS - Transverse sinus, Sinus transversus, Lateral sinus, sinus transversus, transverse sinus, Transverse sinus, Structure of transverse sinus (body structure), Structure of transverse sinus
Portuguese Seios Transversos, Seio Lateral
Spanish Seno Lateral, Senos Transversos, estructura del seno transverso (estructura corporal), estructura de seno transverso, estructura de seno transverso (estructura corporal), estructura del seno transverso, seno transverso
Finnish Poikittaiset veriviemärit
French Sinus veineux transverses, Sinus latéraux, Sinus transverses, Sinus latéral, Sinus veineux transverse
German Sinus transversus, Lateraler Sinus
Italian Seni traversi, Sinus transversus, Seni laterali, Seno laterale
Russian СИНУС ПОПЕРЕЧНЫЙ, СИНУС ЛАТЕРАЛЬНЫЙ, SINUS LATERAL'NYI, SINUS POPERECHNYI
Swedish Tvärgående sinus
Czech laterální sinus, sinus transversus
Polish Zatoki boczne, Zatoka boczna, Zatoki poprzeczne
Japanese 横静脈洞
Norwegian Sinus transversus, Laterale sinus