II. Causes
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Silicosis
III. Pathophysiology
- Broncholith perforates
- Calcified Lymph Node or Granuloma
- Perforation extends from hilar region into Bronchi
IV. Symptoms
- Sudden onset cough
- Hemoptysis (may be massive)
V. Signs
- Hemoptysis may contain Calcium Carbonate fragments
- Coarse rhonchi
- Fever
VI. Diagnosis
- Bronchoscopy
- May localize broncholith or perforation site
VII. Radiology: Chest XRay
- Distal Bronchus with calcified fragment
- Hilar or paratracheal nodes may be calcified
VIII. Course
- Pulmonary Hemorrhage from broncholith has been fatal