II. Signs
- Hemoptysis
- Subcutaneous Emphysema
-
Tension Pneumothorax
- Large, persistent air leak
III. Imaging
- Chest XRay (may show irregular mediastinum)
- Chest CT
IV. Diagnostics
- Esophogram
- Bronchoscopy
- Arteriogram
V. Associated Conditions
- Esophageal Injury
- Carotid Artery Injury
- Jugular Vein Injury
VI. Precautions
- Tracheobronchial injury is associated with very high mortality
- Typical injury occurs within 1 inch of the carina
- Surgical airway management is critical
VII. Management
- Anticipate difficult airway management
- Emergent surgical intervention