II. Pathophysiology
- See Spirochetes
-
Treponema pallidum primarily causes Syphilis, a Sexually Transmitted Infection
- Treponema pallidum subspecies also cause non-venereal skin diseases in children (endemic regions)
- Treponema are highly fragile outside the human host
- Organisms are easily killed with heating, drying or soap and water
- Treponema induce disease via host immune mediated inflammation
- Treponema species lack their own toxins
III. Types: Sexually Transmitted Infection
- See Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
IV. Types: Non-Venereal Disease (Treponema pallidum subspecies)
- Background
- These organisms were previously classified as specific Treponema species
- Following DNA analysis, they were all reclassified as subspecies of Treponema pallidum
- Like Syphilis, all have multiple stages (primary, secondary, tertiary)
- However, unlike Syphilis, effects are limited to skin and bone
- These non-venereal diseases do NOT involve heart or CNS
- Syphilis labs will also be positive with these 3 organisms
- All 3 organisms are cured with Penicillin (Bicillin LA)
- These organisms were previously classified as specific Treponema species
- Bejel or Endemic syphilis (Treponema Pallidum Subspecies Endemicum)
- Affects children living in desert regions of Africa and the Middle East
- Endemic syphilis is spread via shared cups and eating utensils
- Oral Mucosa lesions are similar to Condyloma Lata
- Late effects include gummas and bone involvement
- Yaws (Treponema Pallidum Subspecies Carateum)
- Spread via open ulcerative lesions in person to person contact (moist tropical regions)
- Starts with a single Papule developing over months into a wart-like lesion
- Similar, widely distributed secondary lesions develop over the course of years
- Tertiary gummas develop in skin and bone, often disfiguring the face (gangosa)
- Pinta (Trpeonema palldium subspecies pertenue)
- Spread via direct contact with infectious lesion (rural latin america)
- Slowly developing Papule at contact site
- Multiple secondary red lesions develop later (appear blue with Sun Exposure)
- Lesions depigment and whiten within the year
V. Labs
- See Syphilis Serology
- Syphilis Serology does not differentiate Treponema pallidum subspecies
- Microscopy
- Spirochetes are too small to be seen on standard light microscopy without specific techniques
- May be identified on dark microscopy, silver stains or with immunofluorescence
VI. References
- Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan (2014) Clinical Microbiology, Medmaster, Fl, p. 128
- Paster (2000) J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2(4):341-4 +PMID: 11075904 [PubMed]
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D014211 |
| SnomedCT | 186978001, 240686008 |
| English | Bejels, Bejel (diagnosis), Bejel, endemic syphilis, bejel, nonvenereal endemic syphilis, Njovera, Nonvenereal endemic syphilis (& [Bejel] or [Njovera]) (disorder), Nonvenereal endemic syphilis (& [Bejel] or [Njovera]), Nonvenereal endemic syphilis, Bejel (disorder) |
| Czech | bejel |
| Portuguese | Bejel |
| French | Bejel, Syphilis endémique non vénérienne |
| German | Bejel |
| Italian | Bejel |
| Norwegian | Bejel |
| Spanish | Bejel (trastorno), Bejel |
| Dutch | Bejel |
Ontology: Pinta (C0031946)
| Definition (NCI) | An endemic bacterial infection caused by Treponema carateum. It is manifested with chronic cutaneous lesions. The early lesions consist of papules and erythematous plaques. The late lesions consist of hypochromic, achromic, hyperpigmented and atrophic lesions. The late skin lesions may cause destruction of bones and cartilage and produce disfiguring changes. |
| Definition (MSH) | An infectious disease of the skin caused by Treponema carateum that occurs only in the western hemisphere. Age of onset is between 10 and 20 years of age. This condition is characterized by marked changes in the skin color and is believed to be transmitted by direct person-to-person contact. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D010874 |
| ICD9 | 103.9, 103 |
| ICD10 | A67.9 , A67 |
| SnomedCT | 186976002, 187373005, 22064009 |
| English | Pinta, unspecified, [X]Pinta, unspecified, pinta (diagnosis), infection due to Treponema carateum, pinta, Pinta NOS, Pinta [carate], Pinta [Disease/Finding], azul, carate, Treponema carateum infection, Pinta NOS (disorder), [X]Pinta, unspecified (disorder), Azul, Carate, Infection by Treponema carateum, Mal del pinto, Pinta (disorder), Carate, NOS, Pinta, NOS, Pinta |
| Italian | Pinta, Pinta non specificata, Infezione da treponema carateum, Spirochetosi discromica |
| Dutch | Treponema carateum-infectie, pinta, niet-gespecificeerd, Pinta, niet gespecificeerd, pinta, Pinta [carate], Pinta |
| French | Pinta, non précisée, Infection à Treponema carateum, Boussarole, Caraté, Pinta, Piquite, Puru-puru, Mal del Pinto |
| German | Pinta, unspezifisch, Treponema carateum-Infektion, Pinta [Carate], Pinta, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Carate, Pinta |
| Portuguese | Pinta NE, Infecção por Treponema carateum, Pinta (Dermatose), Dermatose por Treponema carateum, Caraté, Mal de Pinto, Pinta |
| Spanish | Mal de pinto no especificado, Infección por Treponema carateum, Pinta (Dermatosis), pinta, SAI, [X]pinta, no especificada, pinta, SAI (trastorno), [X]pinta, no especificada (trastorno), Carate, Dermatosis por Treponema carateum, Mal de Pinto, azul, carate, infección por Treponema carateum, mal del pinto, pinta (trastorno), pinta, Mal de Pinta |
| Japanese | トレポネーマ・カラテウム感染, ピンタ、詳細不明, ピンタ, ﾄﾚﾎﾟﾈｰﾏｶﾗﾃｳﾑｶﾝｾﾝ, ﾋﾟﾝﾀｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲ, ﾋﾟﾝﾀ |
| Swedish | Pinta |
| Czech | pinta, Infekce Treponema carateum, Pinta, blíže neurčená, Pinta |
| Finnish | Pinta |
| Russian | PINTA, ПИНТА |
| Korean | 핀타, 상세불명의 핀타 |
| Polish | Zakażenie Treponema carateum, Pinta |
| Hungarian | pinta, nem meghatározott, Treponema carateum fertőzés, pinta |
| Norwegian | Pinta |
Ontology: Treponema (C0040837)
| Definition (MSH) | A genus of microorganisms of the order SPIROCHAETALES, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man and animals. |
| Definition (NCI) | A genus of Gram-negative, motile, helically coiled bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacteria that is not assigned to the species level but can be assigned to the Treponema genus level. |
| Definition (CSP) | genus of gram negative bacteria of the order Spriochaetales, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D014208 |
| SnomedCT | 30345008 |
| LNC | LP28504-6 |
| Spanish | género Treponema, Treponema (organismo), género Treponema (organismo), Treponema |
| French | Tréponèmes, Treponema, Tréponème |
| Swedish | Treponema |
| English | Genus Treponema (organism), Treponema (organism), Treponema, treponema, Treponema Schaudinn 1905, Microspironema, TREPONEMA, Treponema, NOS, Genus Treponema |
| Czech | Treponema |
| Finnish | Treponema |
| Russian | PINTA, VOZBUDITEL', TREPONEMY, FRAMBEZIIA, VOZBUDITEL', TREPONEMA, ПИНТА, ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЬ, ТРЕПОНЕМЫ, ФРАМБЕЗИЯ, ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЬ |
| Croatian | Not Translated[Treponema] |
| Polish | Krętki, Treponema |
| Norwegian | Treponema |
| German | Treponema |
| Italian | Treponema |
| Dutch | Treponema |
| Portuguese | Treponema |
Ontology: Treponema carateum (C0040838)
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| SnomedCT | 14562002 |
| English | Treponema carateum, Treponema carateum (organism) |
| Spanish | Treponema carateum (organismo), Treponema carateum |
Ontology: Treponema pallidum ss. pertenue (C0040842)
| Definition (NCI) | A subspecies of Treponema pallidum; an anaerobic, Gram indeterminate, spiral shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Spirochaetes. This subspecies is motile and an obligate parasite. T. pallidum subsp. pertenue is a pathogen that is the causative agent of yaws. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Treponema pallidum and subspecies pertenue. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| SnomedCT | 6246005 |
| English | Treponema pallidum pertenue, Treponema pallidum subsp pertenue, TREPONEMA PALLIDUM SUBSP. PERTENUE, TREPONEMA PERTENUE, Treponema pertenue, Treponema pallidum ss. pertenue, Treponema pallidum biotype pertenue, Treponema pallidum ss. pertenue (organism) |
| Spanish | Treponema pallidum biotipo pertenue, Treponema pallidum, subespecie pertenue (organismo), Treponema pallidum, subespecie pertenue |
Ontology: Yaws (C0043388)
| Definition (MSH) | A systemic non-venereal infection of the tropics caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM subspecies pertenue. |
| Definition (NCI) | An endemic, infectious, nonvenereal disease in humans that presents mainly in children younger than 15 years. The disease occurs primarily in warm, humid, tropical areas of Africa, Asia, South America, and Oceania, among poor rural populations where conditions of overcrowding and poor sanitation prevail. Infection with Treponema pertenue, a subspecies of Treponema pallidum, causes the disease. |
| Definition (CSP) | tropical systemic non-venereal infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D015001 |
| ICD9 | 102.9, 102 |
| ICD10 | A66 , A66.9 |
| SnomedCT | 186974004, 266213004, 187372000, 154391003, 70647001 |
| English | Frambesia, Frambesias, Unspecified yaws, Yaws, unspecified, [X]Yaws, unspecified, yaws (Treponema pertenue), infection by Treponema pertenue, yaws, yaws (diagnosis), Yaws NOS, frambesia (tropica), Yaws [Disease/Finding], Frambesia Tropicas, Frambesia Tropica, framboesia, frambesia, yawing, yaw, Unspecified yaws (disorder), [X]Yaws, unspecified (disorder), Pian, Buba, Infection by Treponema pertenue, Framboesia, Yaws (disorder), pian, bouba, Castellani, parangi, Yaws, NOS, Yaws |
| Dutch | framboesia, niet-gespecificeerd, Framboesia, niet gespecificeerd, framboesia, Framboesia [yaws], Framboesia, Yaws |
| French | Pian, non précisé, Chancre pianique, Pianome, Framboesia tropica, Pian, Framboesia |
| German | Framboesie, unspezifisch, Framboesie, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Framboesie, Framboesia, Frambösie |
| Italian | Framboesia non specificata, Framboesia |
| Portuguese | Framboesia NE, Framboesia, Bouba |
| Spanish | Frambesia no especificada, [X]frambesia, no especificada (trastorno), frambesia no especificada (trastorno), [X]frambesia, no especificada, frambesia no especificada, buba, frambesia (trastorno), frambesia, infección por Treponema pertenue, pian, Frambesia, Buba |
| Japanese | いちご腫、詳細不明, ｲﾁｺﾞｼｭ, ｲﾁｺﾞｼｭｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲ, イチゴ腫, いちご腫, フランベシア, フランベジア, 熱帯イチゴ腫, 熱帯フランベジア, 熱帯性多発乳頭腫, 熱帯苺腫, 熱帯覆盆子腫, 苺腫 |
| Swedish | Framboesi |
| Czech | frambézie, Frambézie, blíže neurčená, Frambézie |
| Finnish | Vaapukkasyylätauti |
| Russian | FRAMBEZIIA TROPICHESKAIA, GRANULEMA TROPICHESKAIA, FRAMBEZIIA, ГРАНУЛЕМА ТРОПИЧЕСКАЯ, ФРАМБЕЗИЯ, ФРАМБЕЗИЯ ТРОПИЧЕСКАЯ |
| Korean | 상세불명의 요스, 요스 |
| Croatian | FRAMBEZIJA |
| Polish | Frambezja, Jagodzica, Malinica, Zakażenie Treponema pertenue |
| Hungarian | framboesia, Framboesia, nem meghatározott |
| Norwegian | Frambøsi, Yaws |
Ontology: Treponema pallidum ss. endemicum (C0445932)
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| SnomedCT | 44106000 |
| English | Treponema pallidum endemicum, Treponema pallidum ss. endemicum, Treponema pallidum biotype endemicum, Treponema pallidum ss. endemicum (organism) |
| Spanish | Treponema pallidum, biotipo endemicum, Treponema pallidum, subespecie endemicum (organismo), Treponema pallidum, subespecie endemicum |
