II. Pathophysiology

  1. Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia (previously in genus Xanthomonas)
    1. Aerobic Gram Negative Rod
    2. Identifying features
      1. Oxidase negative
      2. Non-lactose fermenter
  2. Sources
    1. Soil
    2. Plants (rhizospheres)
    3. Water
    4. Colonizes the normal respiratory tract

III. Risk Factors

  1. Cystic Fibrosis
  2. Immunocompromised State
  3. Hospitalized patients

IV. Associated Conditions

  1. Nosocomial Infections (common)
    1. Ocular infections
    2. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (esp. Cystic Fibrosis)
    3. Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI)
  2. Other associated infections (uncommon, case reports)
    1. Endocarditis
    2. Medical Implant Infections
    3. Soft tissue and Bone Infections
    4. Meningitis and other CNS Infections
    5. Urinary Tract Infections
    6. Gastrointestinal Infections

V. Management

  1. Multi-drug Resistance (covered by a narrow Antibiotic spectrum)
  2. First-Line Empiric Antibiotics in Mild Infections
    1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  3. Combination Empiric Therapy in moderate to severe infections (choose 2 agents)
    1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
    2. Levofloxacin
    3. Minocycyline
    4. Cefiderocol
  4. Alternative, empiric 2 drug regimen in severe infections
    1. Ceftazidime-Avibactam AND
    2. Aztreonam

VI. References

  1. Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan (2014) Clinical Microbiology, Medmaster, Fl, p. 94-5
  2. Sanford Guide, accessed on IOS 2/2/2025
  3. Brooke (2021) Clin Microbiol Rev 34(3):e0003019 +PMID: 34043457 [PubMed]
  4. Brooke (2012) Clin Microbiol Rev 25(1):2-41 +PMID: 22232370 [PubMed]

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Ontology: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (C0318290)

Definition (NCI) A species of aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium in the phylum Proteobacteria.
Definition (NCI_CDISC) Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Definition (MSH) A species of STENOTROPHOMONAS, formerly called Xanthomonas maltophilia, which reduces nitrate. It is a cause of hospital-acquired ocular and lung infections, especially in those patients with cystic fibrosis and those who are immunosuppressed.
Concepts Bacterium (T007)
MSH D020615
SnomedCT 113697002, 112353000, 113923005, 113696006
LNC LP102547-9
English Xanthomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas betle, Pseudomonas beteli, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas beteli corrig. (Ragunathan 1928) Savulescu 1947 (Approved Lists 1980), Xanthomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Swings et al. 1983 emend. van den Mooter and Swings 1990, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Palleroni and Bradbury 1993, Stenotrophomonas africana Drancourt et al. 1997, pseudomonas maltophilia, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, xanthomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas maltiphilia, Xanthomonas maltiphilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia (organism), Pseudomonas beteli (organism), XANTHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA, STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA, PSEUDOMONAS MALTOPHILIA, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Stenotrophomonas africana, Stenotrophomonas africana (organism), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (organism), Xanthomonas maltophilia -RETIRED-
Swedish Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Czech Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia
Spanish Pseudomonas beteli, Pseudomonas betle, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia - RETIRADO -, Xanthomonas maltophilia - RETIRADO - (concepto no activo), Pseudomonas beteli (organismo), Stenotrophomonas africana (organismo), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (organismo), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Stenotrophomonas africana
Finnish Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Italian Xanthomonas maltophilia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Polish Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Japanese ステノトロホモナス・マルトフィリア, キサントモナス・マルトフィリア, ザントモナス・マルトフィリア
Norwegian Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia
French Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia
German Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia
Russian STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA, XANTHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA
Dutch Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia
Portuguese Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Xanthomonas maltophilia