II. Pathophysiology: Characteristics
- Rod shaped Bacteria
- Obligate aerobic Bacteria
- Hence predisposition for the lungs (e.g. Tuberculosis)
- Acid fast organisms due to lipid rich cell walls
- Acid Fast Staining is unique to Mycobacteria and Nocardia
- Mycobacteria grow slowly in culture (up to 6 weeks)
- Many Mycobacterial species grow in clumps due to their hydrophobic, lipid rich cell walls
III. Types
- Tuberculous Mycobacteria
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium leprae (Leprosy, Hansen's Bacillus)
- Mycobacterium Bovis
- Primarily infects cattle, but may also cause Tuberculosis in humans
- Transmitted in unpasteurized milk or dairy products from infected cattle
- May also transmitted by airborne Bacteria from infected animals
- May also spread by direct contact during meat processing
- Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria
- Background
- Ubiquitous Bacteria found in soil and water
- Healthy patients are frequently exposed but rarely infected
- Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
- AIDS defining disease
- May also less commonly infect lungs in immunocompetent patients
- Mycobacterium Abscessus
- May affect lung, skin, soft tissue and bone
- Mycobacterium Chelonae
- May affect skin, soft tissue and bone
- May cause Keratitis in Contact Lens users
- May cause disseminated infection in Immunocompromised patients
- Mycobacterium Fortuitum
- May affect skin, soft tissue and bone
- Mycobacterium Marinum (Fish Tank Granuloma)
- Nodular Lymphangitis in those caring for fish tanks
- Mycobacterium Scrofulaceum
- Found in house dust, soil, water, and sewage as well as unpasteurized milk
- May cause Cervical Lymphadenopathy in children
- Mycobacterium Ulcerans ("Buruli Ulcers")
- Progressive necrotic Skin Ulcers
- Background
IV. References
- Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan (2014) Clinical Microbiology, Medmaster, Fl, p. 142-155
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacteria that is not assigned to the species level but can be assigned to the Mycobacterium genus level. |
| Definition (NCI) | A genus of acid-fast Gram-positive, aerobic and nonmotile bacteria in the phylum Actinobacteria. |
| Definition (MSH) | A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts. |
| Definition (CSP) | genus of gram positive, aerobic bacteria; most species are free living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm blooded hosts. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D009161 |
| SnomedCT | 25714003, 243368001 |
| LNC | LP16746-7 |
| English | Mycobacterium, MYCOBACT, mycobacterium, Mycobacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896, Mycobacterium (living organism) (organism), MYCOBACTERIUM, Mycobacterium, NOS, Mycobacterium (living organism) [Ambiguous], Mycobacterium (organism), Genus Mycobacterium (organism), Mycobacteria, Genus Mycobacterium |
| Swedish | Mycobacterium |
| Spanish | Micobacterium, Mycobacterium (organismo), género Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium (organismo vivo), Mycobacterium (concepto no activo), micobacteria, Mycobacterium, género Mycobacterium (organismo) |
| Czech | Mycobacterium |
| Finnish | Mykobakteeri |
| Russian | MIKOBAKTERIOZY, VOZBUDITELI, MIKOBAKTERII, MYCOBACTERIUM, МИКОБАКТЕРИИ, МИКОБАКТЕРИОЗЫ, ВОЗБУДИТЕЛИ |
| Croatian | MYCOBACTERIUM |
| Polish | Mycobacterium, Prątki |
| Norwegian | Mycobacterium |
| French | Mycobacterium |
| German | Mycobacterium |
| Italian | Mycobacterium |
| Dutch | Mycobacterium |
| Portuguese | Mycobacterium |
Ontology: Mycobacterium bovis (C0026917)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Mycobacterium bovis. |
| Definition (NCI) | A species of Mycobacterium that is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It is the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle. |
| Definition (CSP) | bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus; it is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis. |
| Definition (MSH) | The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D009163 |
| SnomedCT | 27142009 |
| LNC | LP19915-5 |
| Swedish | Mycobacterium bovis |
| English | MYCOBACT BOVIS, mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis Karlson and Lessel 1970, Mycobacterium bovis subsp. bovis Karlson and Lessel 1970, Mycobacterium tuberculosis typus bovinus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis, MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS, Bovine tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis (organism), Mycobacterium bovis |
| Czech | Mycobacterium bovis |
| Finnish | Mycobacterium bovis |
| Russian | MIKOBAKTERII TUBERKULEZA BYCH'EGO, TUBERKULEZNAIA PALOCHKA (BYCHII TIP), KAL'MET-GERENA BATSILLY, MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS, КАЛЬМЕТ-ГЕРЕНА БАЦИЛЛЫ, МИКОБАКТЕРИИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА БЫЧЬЕГО, ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНАЯ ПАЛОЧКА (БЫЧИЙ ТИП) |
| Japanese | マイコバクテリウム･ボビス, 結核菌-ウシ型, Calmette-Guerin桿菌, 牛型結核菌, 結核菌-牛型, ウシ型結核菌, Calmette-Guerin杆菌 |
| Polish | Mycobacterium bovis, BCG, Prątki bydlęce |
| Spanish | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Mycobacterium bovis (organismo), bacilo de la tuberculosis bovina, Mycobacterium bovis |
| Portuguese | Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Mycobacterium bovis |
| French | Mycobacterium bovis |
| German | Mycobacterium bovis |
| Italian | Mycobacterium bovis |
| Dutch | Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. Bovis |
Ontology: Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (C0026925)
| Definition (NCI) | A species of aerobic, Gram positive, rod shaped bacterium assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria. This species is acid fast, nonmotile, acid phosphatase and iron uptake negative and catalase, urease, pyrazinamidase and nicotinamidase positive. M. scrofulaceum is found in environmental sources such as house dust, soil, water, and sewage as well as food sources such as raw milk, and it is frequently associated with cervical adenitis in children. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. |
| Definition (MSH) | A non-tuberculous mycobacterium causing cervical lymphadenitis in children. It very rarely causes pulmonary disease, and is believed to be non-pathogenic in animals. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D015359 |
| SnomedCT | 20141004 |
| Swedish | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| English | MYCOBACT SCROFULACEUM, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum Prissick and Masson 1956, mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, MYCOBACTERIUM SCROFULACEUM, Scrofula scotochromogen, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (organism) |
| Czech | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| Finnish | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| Polish | Grzybobakterie gruźlicy węzłów chłonnych, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| Norwegian | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| Spanish | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (organismo), Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| French | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| German | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| Italian | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| Russian | MYCOBACTERIUM SCROFULACEUM |
| Dutch | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
| Portuguese | Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
Ontology: Mycobacterium chelonae (C0085441)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Mycobacterium chelonae. |
| Definition (NCI) | A species of aerobic, Gram positive, rods assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria. This species is acid fast, oxidase negative, urease and catalase positive, nonmotile and nonsporulating. M. chelonae is a fast growing mycobacterium isolated from environmental, animal and human sources and is often associated with post-operative soft tissue infection. |
| Definition (MSH) | A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria commonly found in soil and occasionally isolated from sputum. It causes postoperative wound infections as well as gluteal abscesses. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D016926 |
| SnomedCT | 243377008, 74349000, 73337005 |
| English | Mycobacterium chelonei, Mycobact chelonae chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonae ss. chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp chelonae, MYCOBACT CHELONEI, MYCOBACT CHELONAE, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae Bergey et al. 1923, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae corrig. (Bergey et al. 1923) Kubica et al 1972 (Approved Lists 1980), Mycobacterium chelonae corrig. Bergey et al. 1923, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae, mycobacterium chelonei, mycobacterium chelonae, chelonae mycobacterium, Mycobacterium chelonae chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. chelonei, Mycobacterium chelonae ss. chelonae (organism), Mycobacterium chelonae (living organism) (organism), MYCOBACTERIUM CHELONAE SUBSP. CHELONAE, MYCOBACTERIUM CHELONAE, Mycobacterium chelonae (organism), Mycobacterium chelonae (living organism) [Ambiguous], Mycobacterium chelonae |
| Spanish | Mycobacterium chelonae subespecie chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonei, Mycobacterium chelonae, subespecie chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonae, subespecie chelonae (organismo), Mycobacterium chelonae (organismo vivo), Mycobacterium chelonae (concepto no activo), Mycobacterium chelonae (organismo), Mycobacterium chelonae |
| French | Mycobacterium chelonei, Mycobacterium chelonae |
| Swedish | Mycobacterium chelonae |
| Czech | Mycobacterium chelonae |
| Finnish | Mycobacterium chelonae |
| Japanese | マイコバクテリウムケローネ, マイコバクテリウム･ケローネ |
| Italian | Mycobacterium chelonei, Mycobacterium chelonae |
| Polish | Mycobacterium chelonae |
| Norwegian | Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonei |
| German | Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonei |
| Russian | MYCOBACTERIUM CHELONAE, MYCOBACTERIUM CHELONEI |
| Dutch | Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonei |
| Portuguese | Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium chelonei |
Ontology: Mycobacterium ulcerans (bacteria) (C0317759)
| Definition (NCI) | A species of aerobic, Gram-positive, rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria. This species is acid-fast, catalase, urease and nitrate reduction negative, positive for acid phosphatase activity, and is resistant to isoniazid, para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and ethambutol, but sensitive to rifampicin and streptomycin. M. ulcerans is found in the wetlands of tropical and subtropical countries, causes an ulcerative skin disease known as Buruli ulcer, and there is some evidence that it may be transmitted through the bites of infected aquatic insects. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Mycobacterium ulcerans. |
| Definition (MSH) | A slow-growing mycobacterium that infects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, giving rise to indolent BURULI ULCER. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D019911 |
| SnomedCT | 40713003 |
| English | Mycobacterium buruli, Mycobacterium ulcerans, MYCOBACT ULCERANS, MYCOBACT BURULI, Mycobacterium ulcerans MacCallum et al. 1950, Mycobacterium ulcerans (bacteria), MYCOBACTERIUM BURULI, MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS, Mycobacterium ulcerans (organism) |
| French | Mycobacterium buruli, Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Swedish | Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Czech | Mycobacterium buruli, Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Finnish | Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Polish | Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Norwegian | Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium buruli |
| Spanish | Mycobacterium ulcerans (organismo), Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium buruli |
| German | Mycobacterium buruli, Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Italian | Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Russian | MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS |
| Dutch | Mycobacterium buruli, Mycobacterium ulcerans |
| Portuguese | Mycobacterium buruli, Mycobacterium ulcerans |
Ontology: Mycobacterium fortuitum (C0317763)
| Definition (NCI) | A species of aerobic, Gram positive, rod shaped bacterium assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria. This species is acid fast, nonmotile, urease negative and catalase, nitrate reductase, and esculin positive. M. fortuitum is found in natural and processed water sources, sewage and dirt, and can cause various clinical syndromes, including local disease after injury or surgical trauma, and disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Mycobacterium fortuitum. |
| Definition (MSH) | A rapid-growing, nonphotochromogenic species that is potentially pathogenic, producing lesions of lung, bone, or soft tissue following trauma. It has been found in soil and in injection sites of humans, cattle, and cold-blooded animals. (Dorland, 28th ed) |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D019907 |
| SnomedCT | 1485002, 243378003, 333873003 |
| English | Mycobacterium fortuitum, MYCOBACT FORTUITUM, mycobacterium fortuitum, fortuitum mycobacterium, Mycobacterium fortuitum da Costa Cruz 1938, Mycobacterium fortuitum (living organism) (organism), MYCOBACTERIUM FORTUITUM, Mycobacterium giae, Mycobacterium minetti, Mycobacterium ranae, Mycobacterium fortuitum (organism), Mycobacterium fortuitum (living organism) [Ambiguous] |
| Swedish | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Czech | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Finnish | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Polish | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Spanish | Mycobacterium fortuitum (organismo vivo), Mycobacterium fortuitum (concepto no activo), Mycobacterium fortuitum (organismo), Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Norwegian | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| French | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| German | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Italian | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Russian | MYCOBACTERIUM FORTUITUM |
| Dutch | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
| Portuguese | Mycobacterium fortuitum |
Ontology: Mycobacterium abscessus (C0445910)
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Mycobacterium abscessus. |
| Definition (NCI) | A species of aerobic, Gram positive, rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria. This species is acid-fast, nonmotile, does not reduce nitrate, is amidase, urease and nicotinamidase positive and benzamidase, isonicotinamidase, succinamidase and acetamidase negative. M. abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium found in water, soil and dust, and can cause a variety of serious infections of the skin, soft tissues and lungs, especially in persons with chronic lung diseases. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| SnomedCT | 62270009, 113838007 |
| LNC | LA16933-6 |
| English | Mycobact chelonae abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus, mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus (Moore and Frerichs 1953) Kusunoki and Ezaki 1992 emend. Leao et al. 2011, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus corrig. (Moore and Frerichs 1953) Kubica et al 1972 (Approved Lists 1980), Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae ss. abscessus (organism), MYCOBACTERIUM CHELONAE SUBSP. ABSCESSUS, MYCOBACTERIUM ABSCESSUS, Mycobacterium chelonae ss. abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae subsp abscessus, Mycobacterium abscessus (organism) |
| Spanish | Mycobacterium chelonae, subespecie abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, subespecie abscessus (concepto no activo), Mycobacterium abscessus (organismo), Mycobacterium abscessus |
Ontology: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (C1265234)
| Definition (MSH) | So-called atypical species of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM that do not cause tuberculosis. They are also called tuberculoid bacilli, i.e.: M. buruli, M. chelonae, M. duvalii, M. flavescens, M. fortuitum, M. gilvum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare (see MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX;), M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. obuense, M. scrofulaceum, M. szulgai, M. terrae, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D009170 |
| SnomedCT | 110379001, 49023005 |
| English | Mycobacterium, Atypical, Tuberculoid Bacillus, Opportunist mycobacteria, MYCOBACT ATYPICAL, ATYPICAL MYCOBACT, Atypical Mycobacteria, Atypical Mycobacterium, mycobacteria atypical, atypical mycobacteria, mycobacterium atypical, Nontuberculous Mycobacterium, Mycobacteria, Atypical, Mycobacterium, non-tuberculosis (organism), Mycobacterium, non-tuberculosis, Mycobacterium, non-TB (organism), atypical mycobacterium, ATM, Atypical acid-fast bacillus, Atypical mycobacterium (organism), Atypical mycobacterium, Atypical mycobacteria, Finding of Mycobacterium species not Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium, non-TB, Atypical acid-fast bacillus, NOS, Atypical mycobacterium, NOS, MOTT, Mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli, NTM, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria |
| French | Mycobacterium atypique, Mycobactéries non tuberculeuses, Bacille tuberculoïde, Mycobactéries atypiques |
| Czech | mykobaktérie atypické |
| Finnish | Atyyppiset mykobakteerit |
| Italian | Bacillo tubercolotico, Micobatterio atipico, Micobatteri atipici, Micobatteri non tubercolari |
| Russian | MIKOBAKTERII ATIPICHNYE, МИКОБАКТЕРИИ АТИПИЧНЫЕ, NETUBERKULEZNYE MIKOBAKTERII, НЕТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫЕ МИКОБАКТЕРИИ, MIKOBAKTERII NETUBERKULEZNYE, МИКОБАКТЕРИИ НЕТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫЕ, MYCOBACTERIUM DUVALII, MYCOBACTERIUM FLAVESCENS, MYCOBACTERIUM GILVUM, MYCOBACTERIUM GORDONAE, MYCOBACTERIUM OBUENSE, MYCOBACTERIUM SZULGAI, MYCOBACTERIUM TERRAE, TUBERCULOID BACILLUS |
| Japanese | 非定型抗酸菌, 抗酸性菌-非定型, 類結核型桿菌, 非定型抗酸性菌, 非定型ミコバクテリア, 非定型マイコバクテリア, 抗酸菌-非定型, 類結核型杆菌 |
| Spanish | micobacterias atípicas, Micobacterias no Tuberculosas, Micobacterias Atípicas, Mycobacterium, no tuberculosis (organismo), Mycobacterium, no - TB (organismo), Mycobacterium, no tuberculosis, micobacteria oportunista, micobacteria atípica (organismo), micobacteria atípica, bacilo acidorresistente atípico, mycobacteria atípica, mycobacterium atípica, Mycobacterium, no - TB, bacilo acidorresistente atípico, SAI, mycobacterium atípica, SAI, Tuberculoid Bacillus |
| Swedish | Mykobakterier, atypiska |
| Portuguese | Micobactérias Atípicas, Micobactérias não Tuberculosas, Micobactérias Anônimas, Tuberculoid Bacillus |
| Polish | Prątki niegrużlicze, Tuberkuloidy |
| Croatian | Netuberkulozne mikobakterije |
| Norwegian | Not Translated[Nontuberculous Mycobacteria] |
| German | Atypische Mykobakterien, Mykobakterien, atypische, Tuberkuloid-Bacillus |
