II. Causes
- See Pneumonia Causes in Children
- Bacterial Pneumonia is most common cause of Pneumonia in Newborns
- Cause based on timing
- Congenital Pneumonia
- Maternal infection transmitted to fetus (via chorion or transplacental)
- Early onset Neonatal Pneumonia
- Onset in first 7 days after birth
- Vertical transmission from mother
- Late onset Neonatal Pneumonia
- Onset >7 days after birth
- Environmental exposure (including hospital acquired and Ventilator acquired)
- Congenital Pneumonia
III. Signs
- See Pediatric Pneumonia
- Neonatal Respiratory Distress (e.g. apnea, Tachypnea, grunting, Hypoxia, retractions)
IV. Differential Diagnosis
V. Labs
- See Neonatal Sepsis
- Blood Culture in all neontal Pneumonia cases
VI. Imaging: Chest XRay
- Lung infiltrates
- Consolidation or cavitation may be present
VII. Management
- See Pneumonia Management in Children
- See Neonatal Respiratory Distress
- See Neonatal Resuscitation
- Start empiric Antibiotic therapy in all suspected Neonatal Pneumonia cases
- Consider infectious disease Consultation