II. Epidemiology
-
Incidence (U.S.)
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes 35,000 Gastroenteritis cases/year
- Results in 100 hospitalizations and 4 deaths (0.011 mortality) per year
- In contrast, Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common cause of Food Poisoning in Japan
III. Pathophysiology
- Characteristics
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a facultative Anaerobic Gram Negative Rod in Vibrionaceae family
- All Vibrio genus Bacteria are curved (crescent shaped) and motile with a single polar flagellum
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus grows best in warm waters, but outbreaks have occurred in Alaska
- Other species with similar presentations to Vibrio parahaemolyticus Gastroenteritis
- Vibrio fluvialis
- Vibrio mimicus
- Non-toxigenic Vibrio Cholerae
- Contrast with toxigenic Vibrio Cholerae which causes profuse, life threatening Diarrhea (Cholera)
- VIrulence Factors
- Thermostable Direct Hemolysin (TDH)
- TDH is a pore-forming toxin responsible for the clinical manifestations of V. parahaemolyticus Gastroenteritis
- TDH is found in most pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (but only in 2-3% of natural sources)
- Thermostable Direct Hemolysin (TDH)
IV. Findings: Presentations
-
Wound Infection (from Marine Trauma)
- See Marine Trauma
- See Cellulitis
-
Food Poisoning
- See Food-borne Diarrheal Infection
- Sources
- Shellfish or raw seafood (esp. mussels)
- Incubation Period 4 to 96 hours (mean 17 hours)
- Course is typically self-limited Gastroenteritis (except for Immunocompromised patients)
-
Sepsis
- Rare and typically limited to Immunocompromised patients
- Risk Factors
- Liver disease
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Alcoholism
V. Symptoms
- Low-grade fever
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal Pain
VI. Labs
-
Stool Culture
- Grows well on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile-Salt Sucrose (TCBS) Media
VII. Management
- See Acute Diarrhea
- Supportive Care
- Oral Rehydration
- Antibiotics may be considered in more severe cases (see Sepsis risk factors above)
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| Definition (NCI) | A species of facultatively anaerobic, Gram negative, curved rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria. This species is motile, oxidase and lysine decarboxylase positive, hemolytic, halophilic and can use a wide variety of sugars as carbon sources. V. parahaemolyticus is a marine organism and a pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and wound infections. |
| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Vibrio parahaemolyticus. |
| Definition (MSH) | A species of bacteria found in the marine environment, sea foods, and the feces of patients with acute enteritis. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D014736 |
| SnomedCT | 11736008 |
| LNC | LP35813-2 |
| English | Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Fujino et al. 1951) Sakazaki et al. 1963 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. West et al. 1986, Beneckea parahaemolytica (Fujino et al. 1951) Baumann et al. 1971 (Approved Lists 1980), Vibrio parahaemolyticus Sakazaki et al. 1963 (sic), vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus, parahaemolyticus vibrio, Oceanomonas parahaemolytica, Pasteurella parahaemolytica, VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS, Beneckea parahaemolytica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (organism) |
| Swedish | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Czech | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Finnish | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Russian | PARAGEMOLITICHESKII VIBRION, VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS, ПАРАГЕМОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ВИБРИОН |
| Spanish | Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Beneckea parahaemolytica, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (organismo) |
| Polish | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Norwegian | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| French | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| German | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Italian | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Dutch | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| Portuguese | Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
