II. Causes: Cardiovascular
-
Antiarrhythmics
- See Sodium Channel Blockade Antiarrhythmics
- Class Ia: Lengthens Action Potential duration
- Quinidine
- Procainamide (Pronestyl)
- Disopyramide (Norpace)
- Amiodarone (also Class II, III, IV)
- Ajmaline (used to diagnostically provoke Arrhythmia in suspected Brugada Syndrome)
- Class Ib: Shortens Action Potential duration
- Class Ic: Slows conduction
- Flecainide (Tambocor)
- Encainide (Enkaid)
- Propafenone (Rythmol)
- Moracizine (Ethmozine, off U.S. market in 2007)
- Diuretic
- Beta-Blockers (esp. non-selective)
III. Causes: Neurologic
-
Seizure
- Lamotrigine
- Oxcarbazepine
- Phenytoin (Dilantin, Shortens Action Potential duration)
- Fosphenytoin
- Eslicarbazepine
- Carbamazepine
- Lacosamide
- Topiramate
- Rufinamide
- Anesthetic
- Muscle Relaxants
IV. Causes: Psychiatric
V. Causes: Miscellaneous
- Amantadine
- Cocaine
- Tetrodotoxin
- Tramadol
-
Antihistamines
- Chlorpheniramine
- Diphenhydramine
- Dimenhydrinate
- Doxepin
- Antimalarial Agents
VI. Resources
- Sodium Channel Blocker Toxicity (Internet Book of Critical Care)