II. Mechanism
- Transiently increases Norepinephrine release from nerve terminals (with transient Hypertension and Tachycardia)
- Subsequent decreased Norepinephrine release via depletion of Norepinephrine from nerve stores
- Prevents Norepinephrine release at nerve endings
- Chronic sensitization of nerves to Sympathomimetics
- Poorly crosses blood brain barrier
- No sedation (contrast with Reserpine)
III. Pharmacokinetics
- Bioavailability 30% after oral dose
- Half is Metabolized
-
Half-Life: 5 days (very long)
- Adverse effects persists for weeks after stopping agent
IV. Indications
- Rarely used in United States
- May have a place in Severe Hypertension, but has been replaced by newer agents with fewer adverse effects
V. Contraindications
VI. Dosing: Adults
- Start: 10 mg orally daily
- Titrate to 25 to 50 mg orally daily
VII. Adverse Effects
- Transient Hypertension and Tachycardia (see mechanism above)
-
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Reflex Tachycardia mechanism blocked by loss of Norepinephrine release
- Decreased Cardiac Output
- Bradycardia
- Diarrhea
- COPD Exacerbation
- Nasal congestion (significantly increased)
VIII. Drug Interactions
-
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
- TCAs block Guanethidine entry into cells
IX. References
- Olson (2020) Clinical Pharmacology, MedMaster, Miami, p. 64-5
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Definition (MSH) | An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | D006145 |
SnomedCT | 387456007, 79305004 |
English | Guanethidine, Octadine, Oktadin, ((2-Hexahydro-1(2H)-azocinyl)ethyl)guanidine, guanethidine, Guanidine, (2-(hexahydro-1(2H)-azocinyl)ethyl)-, guanethidines (medication), guanethidines, Octatensine, (2-(Octahydro-1-azocinyl)ethyl)guanidine, Guanethidine [Chemical/Ingredient], Guanethidine (product), Guanethidine (substance), GUANETHIDINE |
Swedish | Guanetidin |
Czech | guanethidin |
Finnish | Guanetidiini |
Russian | GUANETIDIN, OKTADIN, ГУАНЕТИДИН, ОКТАДИН |
Japanese | グアネチジン, 硫酸グアネチジン |
Polish | Guanetydyna, Ismelina |
Spanish | guanetidina (producto), guanetidina (sustancia), guanetidina, Guanetidina |
French | Guanéthidine |
German | Guanethidin |
Italian | Guanetidina |
Portuguese | Guanetidina |
Ontology: Ismelin (C0701214)
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | D006145 |
English | guanethidine sulfate (Ismelin), Ismelin |