II. Definitions
- Cholinomimetic Alkaloids
- Plant extracts with similar activity as Choline esters (e.g. Acetylcholine), but not susceptible to Cholinesterases
- Other than Nicotine (which acts at Nicotinic Receptors), most are Muscarinic Agonists
III. Adverse Effects
- See Cholinergic Toxicity (e.g. Organophosphate, Nerve Agent)
V. Medications: Choline Derivatives
- Background
- Primarily Muscarinic ReceptorAgonists (M1, M2, M3), with weak nicotinic activity (see Cholinergic Activity)
- Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol)
- Methacholine (Provocholine)
- Used in the Inhalation Challenge Test in the evaluation of Suspected allergen or Exercise-Induced Asthma
- Administered during Pulmonary Function Test to trigger bronchoconstriction in susceptible patients
- Susceptible to Cholinesterase metabolism, with a short Half-Life
- Bethanechol (Urecholine)
VI. Medications: Alkaloids
- Nicotinic Agonists
-
Muscarinic Agonists (M1, M2, M3)
- Cevimeline
- Used to treat Xerostomia in Sjogren Syndrome
- Pilocarpine (Isoptocarpine)
- Used as a Miotic agent in Glaucoma
- Used in Sweat Chloride test for Cystic Fibrosis evaluation
- Indicated in Xerostomia in Sjogren Syndrome
- Cevimeline
VII. References
- Olson (2020) Clinical Pharmacology, Medmaster, Treasure Island, Fl, p. 24
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Related Studies
bethanechol (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing) | ||
BETHANECHOL 10 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.20 each |
BETHANECHOL 25 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.27 each |
BETHANECHOL 5 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.22 each |
BETHANECHOL 50 MG TABLET | Generic | $0.44 each |
Ontology: Parasympathomimetic Agents (C0030512)
Definition (MSH) | Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
MSH | D010277 |
SnomedCT | 19581007, 372668005 |
English | Parasympathomimetics, Agents, Parasympathomimetic, Drugs, Parasympathomimetic, Parasympathomimetic Agents, Parasympathomimetic Drugs, parasympathomimetic agent, parasympathomimetics, parasympathomimetics (medication), parasympathomimetic drugs, parasympathomimetic drug, parasympathomimetic agents, parasympathomimetic, PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS, Parasympathomimetic agents, Parasympathomimetic, Parasympathomimetic agent (product), Parasympathomimetic agent (substance), Parasympathomimetic agent, Parasympathomimetic agent, NOS |
Swedish | Parasympatomimetika |
Czech | parasympatomimetika, cholinomimetika |
Finnish | Parasympatomimeetit |
French | Médicaments parasympathomimétiques, Agents parasympathomimétiques, Parasympathomimétiques |
Russian | PARASIMPATOMIMETIKI, ПАРАСИМПАТОМИМЕТИКИ |
Croatian | PARASIMPATOMIMETICI |
Polish | Leki parasympatykomimetyczne |
Japanese | 副交感神経興奮薬, 副交感神経作動剤, 副交感神経作動薬, 副交感神経様作動物質, 副交感神経様作動薬, 副交感神経様作用薬物 |
Spanish | Efecto Parasimpaticomimético, agente parasimpaticomimético (producto), agente parasimpaticomimético (sustancia), agente parasimpaticomimético, Parasimpaticomiméticos |
Portuguese | Efeito Parassimpatomimético, Parassimpatomiméticos |
German | Parasympathikomimetika |
Italian | Parasimpatomimetici |
Ontology: Urecholine (C0041946)
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | D001626 |
Portuguese | Urecolina |
Spanish | Urecolina |
German | Urecholin |
English | urecholine, Urecholine |
Ontology: Bethanechol (C0053526)
Definition (MSH) | A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | D018723 |
SnomedCT | 31690003, 372698003 |
LNC | LP18907-3, MTHU006820 |
English | Bethanechol, Bethanecol, 1-Propanaminium, 2-((aminocarbonyl)oxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-, Bethanechol [Chemical/Ingredient], bethanecol, BETHANECHOL, bethanechol, Bethanechol (product), Bethanechol (substance) |
Swedish | Betankol |
Czech | bethanechol |
Finnish | Betanekoli |
Russian | BETANEKHOL, БЕТАНЕХОЛ |
Japanese | ベサネコール, 塩化ベタネコール, ベタネコール |
Polish | Betanechol, Chlorek betanecholu |
French | 2-Carbamoyloxy-N,N,N-triméthyl-propanaminium, 2-Carbamoyloxy-N,N,N-triméthylpropanaminium, 2-Carbamoyloxypropyl-triméthylammonium, 2-Carbamoyloxypropyl-triméthyl-ammonium, Béthanéchol |
Spanish | betanecol (producto), betanecol (sustancia), betanecol, Betanecol |
German | Bethanechol |
Italian | Betanecolo |
Portuguese | Betanecol |
Ontology: Cholinergic Agents (C0242893)
Definition (MSH) | Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of ACETYLCHOLINE, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. The term cholinergic agents is sometimes still used in the narrower sense of MUSCARINIC AGONISTS, although most modern texts discourage that usage. |
Definition (CSP) | drug used for its actions in stimulating cholinergic systems. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
MSH | D018678 |
SnomedCT | 19581007 |
English | Agents, Cholinergic, Cholinergic Agents, cholinergic agent, Acetylcholine Agents, Agents, Acetylcholine, Cholinergic Drugs, Drugs, Cholinergic, cholinergic agents, cholinergic drugs, cholinergics, cholinergic drug, Cholinergics, Cholinergic agent, Cholinergic agent, NOS |
French | Médicaments cholinergiques, Cholinergiques, Agents acétylcholinergiques, Agents cholinergiques |
Swedish | Kolinerga medel |
Czech | cholinergní látky |
Finnish | Kolinergiset lääkkeet |
Italian | Agenti dell'acetilcolina, Colinergici, Farmaci colinergici, Sostanze colinergiche |
Russian | KHOLINERGICHESKIE SREDSTVA, KHOLINOPOZITIVNYE SREDSTVA, ATSETILKHOLINOVYE SREDSTVA, KHOLINOMIMETICHESKIE SREDSTVA, MUSKARINOVYE SREDSTVA, KHOLINOMIMETIKI, NIKOTINOVYE SREDSTVA, АЦЕТИЛХОЛИНОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА, МУСКАРИНОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА, НИКОТИНОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА, ХОЛИНЕРГИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА, ХОЛИНОМИМЕТИКИ, ХОЛИНОМИМЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА, ХОЛИНОПОЗИТИВНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА |
Croatian | Not Translated[Cholinergic Agents] |
Polish | Czynniki cholinergiczne, Środki pobudzające układ przywspółczulny |
Portuguese | Colinérgicos, Acetilcolínicos, Agentes Colinérgicos, Agentes Muscarínicos, Agentes de Acetilcolina, Efeito Colinérgico, Agentes Nicotínicos |
Spanish | Colinérgicos, Acetilcolínicos, Agentes Nicotínicos, Efecto Colinérgico, Agentes de Acetilcolina, Agentes Muscarínicos, Agentes Colinérgicos, agente colinérgico, droga colinérgica |
Norwegian | Not Translated[Cholinergic Agents] |
German | Acetylcholin-Analoga, Cholinergika |
Ontology: Cholinergic Agonists (C0242894)
Definition (NCI) | Any agent that is capable of activating cholinergic receptors (nicotinic and muscarinic) or of enhancing or prolonging the actions of acetylcholine. |
Definition (MSH) | Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
MSH | D018679 |
English | Acetylcholine Agonist, Acetylcholine Agonists, Agonist, Acetylcholine, Agonist, Cholinergic, Agonists, Acetylcholine, Agonists, Cholinergic, Cholinergic Agonist, CHOLINERGIC AGON, CHOLINERGIC AG, ACETYLCHOLINE AGON, ACETYLCHOLINE AG, Cholinergic Agonists, cholinergic agonist, cholinergic agonists |
French | Agonistes de l'acétylcholine, Agonistes acétylcholinergiques, Agoniste cholinergique, Agonistes cholinergiques |
Swedish | Kolinerga stimulerare |
Czech | cholinergní agonisté |
Finnish | Kolinergit |
Italian | Agonisti dell'acetilcolina, Agonista dell’acetilcolina, Agonista colinergico, Agonisti colinergici |
Russian | ATSETILKHOLINA AGONISTY, KHOLINERGICHESKIE AGONISTY, АЦЕТИЛХОЛИНА АГОНИСТЫ, ХОЛИНЕРГИЧЕСКИЕ АГОНИСТЫ |
Croatian | Not Translated[Cholinergic Agonists] |
Polish | Agoniści cholinergiczni, Agoniści acetylocholiny |
Japanese | アセチルコリン作用薬, コリン作動剤, コリンアゴニスト, コリン作用薬, コリン作動性薬剤, コリン作動薬 |
German | Acetylcholinagonisten, Cholinerge Agonisten |
Portuguese | Agonistas Colinérgicos, Agonistas da Acetilcolina |
Spanish | Agonistas de la Acetilcolina, Agonistas Colinérgicos |
Ontology: Nicotinic Agonists (C0242948)
Definition (NCI) | Natural or synthetic compounds mimicking acetylcholine neurotransmitter action at nicotinic receptors, which are ionotropic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels in plasma membranes. |
Definition (MSH) | Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
MSH | D018722 |
English | Agonist, Nicotinic, Agonist, Nicotinic Cholinergic, Agonists, Nicotinic, Agonists, Nicotinic Cholinergic, Cholinergic Agonist, Nicotinic, Cholinergic Agonists, Nicotinic, Nicotinic Agonist, Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonist, Nicotinic Cholinergic Agonists, NICOTINIC AG, NICOTINIC AGON, CHOLINERGIC AGON NICOTINIC, CHOLINERGIC AG NICOTINIC, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, Nicotinic Receptor Agonist, nAChR Agonist, nicotinic agonist, nicotinic agonists, Nicotinic Agonists |
French | Agoniste nicotinique, Agonistes cholinergiques nicotiniques, Agonistes nicotiniques |
Swedish | Nikotinstimulerare |
Czech | cholinergní agonisté nikotinoví, receptory nikotinové - agonisté |
Finnish | Nikotiiniagonistit |
Italian | Agonisti colinergici nicotinici, Agonista nicotinco, Agonista colinergico nicotinico, Agonisti nicotinici |
Russian | NIKOTINOVYE AGONISTY, KHOLINERGICHESKIE AGONISTY NIKOTINOVYE, НИКОТИНОВЫЕ АГОНИСТЫ, ХОЛИНЕРГИЧЕСКИЕ АГОНИСТЫ НИКОТИНОВЫЕ |
Polish | Agoniści nikotyny |
Japanese | ニコチン作動剤, ニコチンアゴニスト, ニコチンコリン作用薬 |
German | Cholinerge Agonisten, nicotinartige, Nicotinagonisten |
Portuguese | Agonistas Colinérgicos Nicotínicos, Agonistas Nicotínicos |
Spanish | Agonistas Colinérgicos Nicotínicos, Agonistas Nicotínicos |
Ontology: Methacholine (C0600370)
Definition (CSP) | parasympathomimetic cholinergic agonist with predominantly muscarinic effects. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | D016210 |
SnomedCT | 372766003, 53584007 |
LNC | LP93758-8, LP121381-0, MTHU039807 |
English | methacholine, METHACHOLINE, Methacholine (product), Methacholine (substance), Methacholine |
Portuguese | Metacolina |
Spanish | Metacolina, metacolina (producto), metacolina (sustancia), metacolina |
German | Methacholin |
French | Méthacholine |
Ontology: Provocholine (C0722884)
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid (T130) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | D016210 |
English | Provocholine, Methapharma Brand of Methacholine Chloride, Roche Brand of Methacholine Chloride |
Ontology: Cholinomimetic Drugs (C0871682)
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
English | Cholinomimetic Drugs |
Ontology: Cholinergic receptor stimulating agent (C1720711)
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
SnomedCT | 421148003 |
English | Cholinergic receptor stimulating agent (substance), Cholinergic receptor stimulating agent |
Spanish | agente estimulante de los receptores colinérgicos (sustancia), agente estimulante de los receptores colinérgicos |