Toxin Induced Altered Level of Consciousness Causes

Aka: Toxin Induced Altered Level of Consciousness Causes, Drug Induced Altered Level of Consciousness Causes

advertisement

II. Risk factors: Medication induced Altered Level of Consciousness

  1. Age over 60 years old

III. Medications: Neuro-Psychopharmacologic Agents

  1. Anticholinergics (e.g. Atropine)
    1. See Anticholinergic Medications
    2. See Anticholinergic Toxicity
    3. Bladder Antispasmodics
  2. Anticonvulsants
    1. Delirium or Confusion
    2. Cognitive Impairment
    3. Amnesia
  3. Barbiturates
    1. Delirium or Confusion
    2. Incoordination
    3. Barbiturate withdrawal related signs
  4. Benzodiazepines (esp. high dose longer acting agents)
    1. Cognitive Impairment
    2. Amnesia
    3. Sedation
    4. Pseudo-Dementia
    5. Incoordination
    6. Benzodiazepine Withdrawal (e.g. Delirium)
      1. Higher risk with shorter acting Benzodiazepines
  5. Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g. Elavil, Doxepin)
    1. Delirium
    2. Confusion
    3. Impaired Memory
  6. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
    1. Decreased concentration
    2. Confusion associated with SIADH
  7. Antipsychotics
    1. Effects
      1. Delirium or confusion
      2. Cognitive Impairment
      3. Amnesia
    2. High risk
      1. Chlorpromazine
      2. Thioridazine
      3. Clozapine
    3. Low risk
      1. Risperidone
  8. Lithium
    1. Organic brain syndrome
  9. Zolpidem (Ambien)
    1. Memory Impairment
    2. Hallucinations

IV. Medications: Analgesics

  1. Salicylate Poisoning
  2. NSAIDs (especially Indomethacin)
    1. Delirium or confusion
    2. Cognitive Impairment
    3. Delirium
  3. Opioid Analgesics (esp. Demerol, Fentanyl Patch)
    1. Delirium or confusion
    2. Cognitive Impairment

V. Medications: Drugs of Abuse and Toxins

  1. See Cholinergic Toxicity (e.g. Organophosphate Poisoning)
  2. See Date Rape Drug
  3. Alcohol
  4. Opiates (See Analgesics above)
  5. Hallucinogens (LSD, PCP, Cocaine)
  6. Carbon Monoxide
  7. Cyanide
  8. Heavy Metals

VI. Medications: CardioPulmonary agents

  1. Beta Blockers
    1. Confusion
    2. Cognitive Impairment
  2. Calcium Channel Blockers
    1. Cognitive decline
  3. Acetazolamide (Diamox)
    1. Confusion
  4. Digoxin
    1. Confusion or Delirium
  5. Disopyramide (Norpace)
    1. Psychosis (Anticholinergic related)
  6. Ethacrynic Acid
    1. Confusion
  7. Nitroprusside
    1. Confusion or Delirium
  8. Procainamide
    1. Delirium
  9. Quinidine
    1. Confusion
    2. Psychosis
  10. Theophylline
    1. Psychosis

VII. Medications: Infectious Disease Agents

  1. Cephalosporin and Beta lactam Antibiotics
    1. Confusion
  2. Fluoroquinolones
    1. Neurologic stimulation
    2. Confusion
  3. Acyclovir
    1. Confusion
  4. Mefloquine
    1. Confusion
    2. Psychosis
  5. Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
    1. Delirium
    2. Psychosis

VIII. Medications: Antihistamines

  1. See Anticholinergic Medications
  2. See Anticholinergic Toxicity
  3. H1 blocker
    1. Effects
      1. Decreased attention
      2. Decreased Concentration
    2. High risk: Sedating Antihistamine
    3. Low risk: Fexofenadine, Loratadine
  4. H2 Blocker (esp. Cimetidine)
    1. Delirium or confusion

IX. Medications: Miscellaneous

  1. Corticosteroids (Prednisone at doses above 60 mg)
    1. Confusion of Delirium
    2. Memory Impairment
  2. Baclofen
    1. Psychosis
  3. Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
    1. Delirium or confusion
  4. Cyclosporine
    1. Confusion
  5. Fenfluramine
    1. Confusion
  6. Interferon alpha
    1. Confusion
    2. Memory Impairment
  7. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
    1. Confusion
    2. Agitation
    3. Memory Impairment

X. References

  1. Gray (1999) Drug Saf 21:101 [PubMed]
  2. Moore (1999) Drugs Aging 15:15 [PubMed]

Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)

These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Toxin Induced Altered Level of Consciousness Causes." Click on the image (or right click) to open the source website in a new browser window. Search Bing for all related images

Related Studies

Related Topics in Pharmacology

advertisement