II. Definitions
- Amnesia
- Systematic and extensive loss of memory, due to psychological or organic cause
- Retrograde Amnesia
- Inability to recall past experiences
- Anterograde Amnesia
- Inability to form new memories after a certain time point
III. Background
- Term Amnesia is derived from the greek for a (without) and mnesis (memory)
IV. Pathophysiology
- Organic causes most often affect the Hippocampus and medial Temporal Lobes
- Longterm memories are often preserved better than memories acquired in closer proximity to Amnesia onset
- Working memory is often preserved despite Amnesia
V. Causes
- Psychological (transient)
- Organic (chronic)
- Post-Traumatic Amnestic Disorder
- Traumatic Head Injury
- Cerebrovascular Accident
- Neurosurgery
- Electroconvulsive Therapy
- Anoxic or hypoxic brain injury
- Infection
- Chronic Thiamine deficiency
- Drug-Induced Amnesia
- Alcohol Intoxication (e.g. blackout)
- Benzodiazepines
- Post-Traumatic Amnestic Disorder
VI. Differential Diagnosis
VII. References
- Allen (2018) F1000Res +PMID:29623196 [PubMed]
- Brown and Hachinski in Wilson et. al. (1991) Harrison's Internal Medicine, Twelfth Edition, McGraw-Hill, St. Louis, p.188-9
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Related Studies
Definition (NCI_CTCAE) | A disorder characterized by systematic and extensive loss of memory. |
Definition (NCI) | Systematic and extensive loss of memory caused by organic or psychological factors. The loss may be temporary or permanent, and may involve old or recent memories. |
Definition (MSH) | Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7) |
Definition (PSY) | Partial or complete loss of memory caused by organic or psychological factors. The loss may be temporary or permanent, and may involve old or recent memories. Compare FORGETTING and MEMORY DECAY. |
Concepts | Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048) |
MSH | D000647 |
ICD10 | R41.3 |
SnomedCT | 162199006, 247606008, 78461004, 48167000, 386807006 |
English | Amnesia, Amnesias, AMNESIA, amnesia (diagnosis), amnesia, Amnesia Memory Loss, Amnesia-Memory Loss, Amnesia-Memory Losses, Amnesia NOS, Memory loss NOS, Amnesia [Disease/Finding], dysmnesia, memory loss, amnesias, loss of memory, Amnesia symptom, Amnesia (disorder), LOSS OF MEMORY, MEMORY LOSS, Dysmnesia, Memory loss, Memory gone, Memory loss - amnesia, LOM - Loss of memory, Loss of memory, Amnesia (finding), Amnesia, NOS |
French | AMNESIE, Amnésie |
Portuguese | AMNESIA, Amnésia, Amnésia Global |
Spanish | AMNESIA, dismnesia, Amnesia Global, amnesia (hallazgo), amnesia, pérdida de la memoria, Amnesia |
German | AMNESIE, Amnesie |
Swedish | Minnesförlust |
Japanese | ケンボウ, 健忘症, 記憶消失, 健忘, 記憶喪失 |
Czech | amnézie, Amnézie |
Finnish | Amnesia |
Italian | Perdita di memoria, Amnesia |
Russian | AMNEZIIA, АМНЕЗИЯ |
Croatian | AMNEZIJA |
Polish | Niepamięć, Amnezja |
Hungarian | Amnesia |
Norwegian | Amnesi, Hukommelsestap |
Dutch | amnesie, Amnesie, Geheugenverlies |
Ontology: Retrograde amnesia (C0002624)
Definition (MSH) | Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a specified or approximate point in time. This process may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organic forms may be associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; and a wide variety of other conditions that impair cerebral function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-9) |
Definition (PSY) | Memory loss for events and experiences that occurred before the incident that produced the amnesia. |
Concepts | Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048) |
MSH | D000648 |
ICD10 | R41.2 |
SnomedCT | 206784007, 158178004, 51921000 |
English | Amnesia, Retrograde, Amnesias, Retrograde, Retrograde Amnesia, Retrograde Amnesias, Retrograde amnesia, Amnesia (retrograde), [D]Amnesia (retrograde), [D]Amnesia (retrograde) (context-dependent category), Amnesia, Retrograde [Disease/Finding], retrograde amnesia, [D]Amnesia (retrograde) (situation), RA - Retrograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia (finding), retrograde; amnesia, amnesia; retrograde |
Swedish | Minnesförlust, retrograd |
Spanish | [D]amnesia (retrógrada) (categoría dependiente del contexto), [D]amnesia (retrógrada), [D]amnesia (retrógrada) (situación), amnesia retrógrada (hallazgo), amnesia retrógrada, Amnesia retrógrada, Amnesia Retrógrada |
Japanese | ギャッコウセイケンボウ, 逆向性健忘症, 逆行性健忘, 退行性健忘症, 逆行健忘, 逆行健忘症, 健忘-退行性, 退行性健忘, 逆行性健忘症, 健忘症-退行性, 逆向健忘, 健忘症-逆行性 |
Czech | amnézie retrográdní, Retrográdní amnézie |
Finnish | Retrogradinen amnesia |
Russian | AMNEZIIA RETROGRADNAIA, АМНЕЗИЯ РЕТРОГРАДНАЯ |
Korean | 역행성 건망증 |
Polish | Amnezja wsteczna, Niepamięć wsteczna |
Hungarian | Retrograd amnesia |
Norwegian | Retrograd amnesi, Amnesi, retrograd |
Dutch | amnesie; retrograde, retrograde; amnesie, retrograde amnesie, Amnesie, amnestisch; retrograde, Retrograde amnesie |
Portuguese | Amnésia Rerógrada, Amnésia Retrógrada |
German | retrograde Amnesie, Amnesie, retrograde, Retrograde Amnesie |
French | Amnésie rétrograde |
Italian | Amnesia retrograda |
Ontology: Amnestic Disorder (C0002625)
Concepts | Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048) |
ICD9 | 294.0 |
SnomedCT | 3298001 |
DSM4 | 294.8 |
English | AMNESTIC DISORDERS, Amnestic Disorder NOS, Amnestic disorder NOS, Amnestic disorders, Amnestic disord oth dis, organic amnestic syndrome, amnesic syndrome, amnestic disorders, amnestic syndrome, amnestic disorder (diagnosis), amnestic disorder, Amnestic disorder, Amnestic syndrome, Amnesic syndrome, Amnestic disorder (disorder), organic; amnestic syndrome, syndrome; organic amnesic, Amnestic disorder, NOS, Amnestic Disorder, Nonalcoholic Korsakoff's psychosis or syndrome, Korsakoff's psychosis or syndrome, Amnestic disorder in conditions classified elsewhere |
German | amnestische Erkrankung, Amnesiesyndrom, Gedaechtnisstoerung NNB, Gedaechtnisstoerungen |
Italian | Disturbi amnestici, Disturbo amnestico, Sindrome amnesica, Disturbo amnestico NAS |
Dutch | amnestische stoornis NAO, amnestisch syndroom, organisch; amnestisch syndroom, syndroom; organisch amnestisch, amnestische stoornissen, amnestische stoornis |
French | Syndrome amnésique, Trouble amnésique SAI, Trouble amnésique, Troubles amnésiques |
Portuguese | Perturbação amnésica NE, Síndrome amnésica, Perturbação amnésica, Perturbações amnésicas |
Spanish | Síndrome amnésico, Trastorno amnésico NEOM, trastorno amnésico (trastorno), trastorno amnésico, Trastorno amnésico, Trastornos amnésicos |
Japanese | 健忘症候群, 健忘障害, 健忘障害NOS, ケンボウショウガイ, ケンボウショウガイNOS, ケンボウショウコウグン |
Czech | Amnestické poruchy, Amnestický syndrom, Amnestická porucha, Amnestická porucha NOS |
Hungarian | Amnestikus zavar k.m.n., Amnesiás betegségek, Amnestikus zavar, Amnestikus syndroma |
Ontology: Amnesia, Anterograde (C0233795)
Definition (MSH) | Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SEIZURES; ANOXIA; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the HIPPOCAMPUS; FORNIX (BRAIN); MAMMILLARY BODIES; and ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71) |
Definition (PSY) | Memory loss for events and experiences that occurred after the incident that produced the amnesia. |
Concepts | Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048) |
MSH | D020324 |
ICD10 | R41.1 |
SnomedCT | 206789002, 88822006 |
English | [D]Anterograde amnesia, [D]Anterograde amnesia (context-dependent category), Amnesia, Anterograde, Amnesias, Anterograde, Anterograde Amnesia, Anterograde Amnesias, Anterograde Memory Loss, Anterograde Memory Losses, Memory Loss, Anterograde, Memory Losses, Anterograde, Amnesia, Anterograde [Disease/Finding], antegrade amnesia, anterograde amnesia (diagnosis), anterograde amnesia, amnesia anterograde, [D]Anterograde amnesia (situation), Anterograde amnesia, Antegrade amnesia, Anterograde amnesia (finding), amnesia; anterograde |
Swedish | Minnesförlust, anterograd |
Spanish | [D]amnesia anterógrada (categoría dependiente del contexto), [D]amnesia anterógrada (situación), [D]amnesia anterógrada, amnesia anterógrada (hallazgo), amnesia anterógrada, Amnesia anterógrada, Pérdida de la Memoria Anterógrada, Amnesia Anterógrada |
Japanese | ゼンコウセイケンボウ, 健忘症-前向, 前向性健忘症, 前向健忘症, 前向性健忘, 前向健忘, 記憶喪失-発作後, 健忘-前向, 前向性記憶喪失, 発作後記憶喪失, 健忘-前向性, 記憶喪失-前向性, 健忘症-前向性 |
Czech | ztráta paměti anterográdní, amnézie anterográdní, Anterográdní amnézie |
Finnish | Anterogradinen muistinmenetys |
Italian | Perdita della memoria anterograda, Amnesia anterograda |
Russian | ANTEROGRADNAIA AMNEZIIA, PAMIATI POTERIA ANTEROGRADNAIA, AMNEZIIA ANTEROGRADNAIA, АМНЕЗИЯ АНТЕРОГРАДНАЯ, АНТЕРОГРАДНАЯ АМНЕЗИЯ, ПАМЯТИ ПОТЕРЯ АНТЕРОГРАДНАЯ |
Korean | 선행성 건망증 |
Polish | Amnezja następcza, Pourazowa utrata pamięci, Niepamięć następcza |
Hungarian | Anterograd amnesia |
Norwegian | Anterograd amnesi, Anterograd hukommelsestap |
Portuguese | Perda de Memória Pós-Convulsão Epiléptica, Amnésia anterógrada, Amnésia Anterógrada, Perda de Memória Anterógrada |
Dutch | amnesie; anterograde, anterograde amnesie, Amnesie, anterograde, Anterograde amnesie, Geheugenverlies, anterograad |
German | anterograde Amnesie, Anterograde Amnesie, Amnesie, anterograde, Erinnerungslücke, anterograde |
French | Amnésie antérograde, Perte de mémoire antérograde |
Ontology: Memory Loss (C0751295)
Concepts | Sign or Symptom (T184) |
MSH | D008569 |
ICD9 | 780.93 |
SnomedCT | 162199006 |
LNC | MTHU013522 |
English | MEMORY LOSS, Memory loss, Loss of memory, memory loss or impairment, Memory loss of, Memory Loss, Memory Losses, memory loss, Lack (of);memory, Loss (of);memory, Memory loss symptom, lack of; memory, loss; memory, memory; lack of, memory; loss, lack of memory, loss of memory |
Dutch | verlies van geheugen, geheugenverlies, gebrek; geheugen, geheugen; gebrek, geheugen; verlies, verlies; geheugen, Geheugenverlies |
French | Perte de la mémoire, Perte de mémoire, PERTE DE MEMOIRE |
German | Gedaechtnisverlust, Gedächtnisverlust, GEDAECHTNISVERLUST |
Italian | Perdita di memoria, Perdita della memoria |
Portuguese | Perda de memória, Perda de Memória, PERDA DE MEMORIA |
Spanish | Pérdida de memoria, Pérdida de la memoria, Pérdida de la Memoria, MEMORIA, PERDIDA |
Japanese | 記憶喪失, キオクソウシツ |
Czech | Ztráta paměti, ztráta paměti |
Hungarian | Memória-vesztés, Memória elvesztése, Memória vesztés |
Ontology: Post-traumatic amnestic disorder (C0855218)
Concepts | Injury or Poisoning (T037) |
Italian | Disturbo post-traumatico amnestico |
Japanese | 外傷後健忘障害, ガイショウゴケンボウショウガイ |
English | Post-traumatic amnestic disorder |
Czech | Posttraumatická amnestická porucha |
Hungarian | Post-traumás amnesticus zavar |
Portuguese | Perturbação de amnésia pós-traumática |
Spanish | Trastorno amnésico postraumático |
Dutch | posttraumatische amnestische stoornis |
French | Trouble amnésique post-traumatique |
German | postraumatische Amnesie |