II. Causes
-
Anticholinergic Medications
- See Anticholinergic Medications
- Antihistamines (e.g. Diphenhydramine, Hydroxyzine, Meclizine)
- Muscle relaxants (e.g. Cyclobenzaprine, Methocarbamol, carisprodol)
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
-
Opioids and Sedatives
- Opioid Analgesics (e.g. Oxycodone, Hydrocodone)
- Benzodiazepines (e.g. Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Diazepam, Zolpidem)
- Endocrine Medications
- Diabetes Mellitus Medications (Oral Hypoglycemics, Insulin)
- Corticosteroids
- Neurologic and Psychiatric Medications
- Dopamine Agonists
- Anticonvulsants
- Antipsychotics
- Miscellaneous
- Antiemetics (Phenergan, Compazine)
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g. Nifedipine, Amlodipine)
- Diuretics (e.g. Furosemide, Spironolactone, Hydrochlorothiazide)
- Antibiotics (e.g. Fluoroquinolones, Macrolides)
III. References
- Khoujah and Magidson (2016) Crit Dec Emerg Med 30(10): 3-10
- Jaqua (2023) Am Fam Physician 108(3): 278-87 [PubMed]