II. Indications

  1. Multiple Sclerosis (relapsing-remitting)

III. Mechanism

  1. Non-Interferon, immunomodulatory agent
  2. Structurally similar peptide chain to myelin basic Protein
    1. Polymer contains random sequence and length of 4 Amino Acids (L-Alanine, L-Glutamate, L-Lysine, L-Tyrosine)
  3. Acts as a decoy for immune response
    1. Induces and activates Suppressor T-Cells
    2. Downregulates autoimmune response to myelin basic Protein

IV. Medications

  1. Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone, Glatopa) prefilled syringes for SQ Injection: 20 mg/ml or 40 mg/ml
    1. NOT for IV injection (only SQ Injection)

V. Dosing

  1. Glatiramer Acetate 20 mg/ml SQ daily OR
  2. Glatiramer Acetate 40 mg/ml SQ three times weekly (at least 48 hours between doses)
  3. Rotate injection sites to prevent Lipodystrophy

VI. Adverse Effects

  1. Local injection site inflammation
  2. Facial Flushing
    1. Immediate post-injection
    2. May be accompanied by chest symptoms
  3. Chest symptoms (after first month of treatment, typically self-limited)
    1. Chest tightness (transient)
    2. Dyspnea
    3. Palpitations
    4. Throat tightness
    5. Anxiety

VII. Safety

  1. Pregnancy Category B
  2. Unknown safety in Lactation

VIII. Efficacy

  1. Good track record of safety and greater efficacy than Interferon

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Related Studies

Cost: Medications

glatiramer (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
GLATIRAMER 40 MG/ML SYRINGE Generic $131.63 per ml
copaxone (on 12/20/2023 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
COPAXONE 20 MG/ML SYRINGE $230.59 per ml
COPAXONE 40 MG/ML SYRINGE Generic $131.63 per ml
glatopa (on 12/21/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
GLATOPA 40 MG/ML SYRINGE Generic $131.63 per ml

Ontology: glatiramer acetate (C0289884)

Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116)
MSH C089995
SnomedCT 108755008
English copolymer 1, copolymer-1, glatiramer acetate, glatiramer acetate (medication), hormones glatiramer acetate, L-Glutamic acid peptide with L-alanine, L-lysine and L-tyrosine, acetate (salt), copolymer 1 [Chemical/Ingredient], GLATIRAMER ACETATE, COP-1, Glatiramer acetate, Glatiramer acetate (substance), Glatiramer Acetate
Spanish acetato de glatirámero (sustancia), acetato de glatirámero

Ontology: Glatiramer (C0717787)

Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109)
SnomedCT 108754007, 372535006
English glatiramer, GLATIRAMER, Glatiramer, Glatiramer (product), Glatiramer (substance)
Spanish glatirámero (sustancia), glatiramer (sustancia), glatiramer, glatirámero (producto), glatirámero