Medication Causes of Myositis

Aka: Medication Causes of Myositis, Toxic Myopathy, Drug Induced Myositis, Muscle Weakness due to Medication, Drug-Induced Muscle Weakness

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II. Causes

  1. Cardiovascular agents
    1. Amiodarone
    2. Clofibrate
    3. Gemfibrozil
    4. Statin medications (e.g. Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)
      1. See Statin-Induced Myopathy
  2. Chemotherapeutics
    1. Vincristine
    2. Hydroxyurea
  3. Gastrointestinal Agents
    1. Cimetidine
    2. Ipecac or Emetine
    3. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
  4. Infectious Disease Agents
    1. Interferon alpha
    2. Fluoroquinolones (e.g. Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin)
    3. Penicillin
    4. Sulfonamides
    5. HIV Medications (Antiretroviral agents)
      1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
        1. Zidovudine (AZT)
        2. Lamivudine
        3. Stavudine
      2. Protease Inhibitors
        1. Indinavir
        2. Saquinavir
        3. Ritonavir
  5. Metabolic Agents
    1. Antithyroid medications
      1. Methimazole
      2. Propylthiouracil
    2. Corticosteroids or Glucocorticoids (e.g. Prednisone)
      1. Steroid-Induced Myopathy
    3. Leuprolide (Lupron)
  6. Neurologic Agents
    1. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
  7. Rheumatologic Agents
    1. Colchicine
    2. Chloroquine
    3. Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
    4. Penicillamine
    5. NSAIDs
      1. Niflumic acid
      2. Phenylbutazone
  8. Substances of Abuse
    1. Alcohol
    2. Cocaine
  9. Miscellaneous
    1. Ruptured silicone gel Breast Implants
    2. Medications that significantly impact Serum Potassium or Serum Calcium levels

III. References

  1. Bannwarth (2002) Expert Opin Drug Saf 1:65-70 [PubMed]
  2. Dourmishev (1999) Adv Exp Med Biol 455:187-91 [PubMed]
  3. Larson (2020) Am Fam Physician 101(2):95-108 [PubMed]

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