II. Mechanism
- Hydantoin Anticonvulsant similar to Phenytoin
- Alters Sodium and Calcium Ion influx (repolarization, depolarization) and presynaptic Calcium uptake
- Stabilizes Neuronal membranes by inhibiting Neuronal firing and prevents the propagation of Seizure activity within the motor cortex
III. Indications
IV. Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Hepatic dysfunction
- Hematologic disorders
V. Dosing
- Therapeutic Level: 15 to 50 mcg/ml
- Adults
- Start up to 1000 mg/day divided in 4 to 6 doses after meals
- Target: 2000 to 3000 mg/day in divided doses
- Children
- Start up to 750 mg/day divided in 4 to 6 doses after meals
- Target: 500 to 1000 mg/day in divided doses
- Maximum: 2000 to 3000 mg/day in divided doses
VI. Metabolism
- Hepatic Metabolism
VII. Safety
- Pregnancy Category X (Known Teratogen)
- Unknown Safety in Lactation
- Secreted into Breast Milk
- Monitoring (periodic recheck)
VIII. Resources
IX. References
- Hamilton (2020) Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia