Foot Anatomy

Aka: Foot Anatomy, Foot

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II. Anatomy: Bones

  1. General
    1. Total: 26 bones
    2. Lateral and longitudinal arches: 12 bones
  2. Hindfoot
    1. Talus
    2. Calcaneus
  3. Midfoot (separated from hindfoot by Chopart Joint)
    1. Navicular
    2. Cuboid
    3. Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
  4. Forefoot (separated from midfoot by Lisfranc Joint, or tarsometatarsal joint)
    1. Phalanges
    2. Metatarsal Bones
  5. Images
    1. orthoAnteriorBoneFoot.jpgAlso available as a Poster size image. See printing instructions and image restrictions.
    2. orthoPosteriorBoneFoot.jpgAlso available as a Poster size image. See printing instructions and image restrictions.
    3. FootAnatomyAnterior.jpg
    4. orthoLegFootDorsalGrayBB268.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    5. orthoLegFootPlantarGrayBB269.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    6. orthoLegFootMedialGrayBB290.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    7. orthoLegFootLateralGrayBB291.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)

III. Anatomy: Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons

  1. Extrinsic Muscles
    1. Tibialis anterior Muscle
    2. Extensor digitorum longus Muscle
    3. Extensor hallucis longus Muscle
    4. Tibialis posterior Muscle
    5. Flexor digitorum longus Muscle
    6. Flexor hallucis longus Muscle
    7. Gastrocnemius Muscle
    8. Soleus Muscle
  2. Intrinsic Muscles
    1. orthoLegFootMusclesFlexorsGrayBB443.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    2. orthoLegFootPlantarHallucisBrevisGrayBB445.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    3. orthoFootDorsumInterosseiGrayBB446.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    4. orthoFootPlantarLtInterosseiGrayBB447.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
  3. Ligaments
    1. orthoLegFootMedialLigamentsGrayBB354.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    2. orthoLegFootLateralLigamentsGrayBB355.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    3. orthoLegFootLigamentsXsGrayBB360.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
  4. Tendons
    1. orthoLegFootTendonsFlexorsLongGrayBB444.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)

IV. Anatomy: Nerves

  1. See Foot Neurologic Anatomy
  2. Tibial nerve
  3. Superficial fibular nerve
  4. Deep fibular nerve (peroneal nerve)
  5. Saphenous nerve
  6. Sural nerve

V. Anatomy: Vascular supply

  1. Dorsal foot
    1. Anterior tibial artery
    2. Dorsalis pedis artery
  2. Plantar foot
    1. Posterior tibial artery
    2. Peroneal artery

VI. Anatomy: Fascial support (maintains arches)

  1. Plantar fascia
    1. Dupuytren's Contracture
    2. Plantar Fasciitis

VII. Physiology: Function and Range of motion (3 planes)

  1. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
  2. Eversion and Inversion
    1. Hindfoot
    2. Subtalar joint
  3. Abduction and Adduction
    1. Midfoot
    2. Midtarsal joint
  4. Combinations
    1. Supination (plantar flexion, inversion, adduction)
    2. Supination (dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction)
  5. Images
    1. FootAnatomyJoints.jpg
    2. AnkleAnatomySubtalarFunction.jpg

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