Foot Anatomy

Aka: Foot Anatomy, Foot

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II. Anatomy: Bones

  1. General
    1. Total: 26 bones
    2. Lateral and longitudinal arches: 12 bones
  2. Hindfoot
    1. Talus (articulates with the distal tibia and fibula of the Ankle Joint)
    2. Calcaneus
  3. Midfoot
    1. Navicular bone
    2. Cuboid Bone
    3. Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
  4. Forefoot
    1. Phalanges (5)
    2. Metatarsal Bones (5)
  5. Images
    1. orthoAnteriorBoneFoot.jpgAlso available as a Poster size image. See printing instructions and image restrictions.
    2. orthoPosteriorBoneFoot.jpgAlso available as a Poster size image. See printing instructions and image restrictions.
    3. FootAnatomyAnterior.jpg
    4. orthoLegFootDorsalGrayBB268.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    5. orthoLegFootPlantarGrayBB269.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    6. orthoLegFootMedialGrayBB290.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    7. orthoLegFootLateralGrayBB291.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)

III. Anatomy: Joints

  1. Forefoot is separated from the midfoot by the Lisfranc Joint (tarsometatarsal joint)
    1. lisFrancInjury.jpg
  2. Midfoot is separated from hindfoot by 2 joints as part of the Chopart Joint (transverse tarsal joint)
    1. Talonavicular joint
    2. Calcaneocuboid joint

IV. Anatomy: Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons

  1. Plantar fascia (maintains arches)
    1. Dupuytren's Contracture
    2. Plantar Fasciitis
  2. Extrinsic Muscles
    1. Tibialis anterior Muscle
    2. Extensor digitorum longus Muscle
    3. Extensor hallucis longus Muscle
    4. Tibialis posterior Muscle
    5. Flexor digitorum longus Muscle
    6. Flexor hallucis longus Muscle
    7. Gastrocnemius Muscle
    8. Soleus Muscle
  3. Intrinsic Muscles
    1. orthoLegFootMusclesFlexorsGrayBB443.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    2. orthoLegFootPlantarHallucisBrevisGrayBB445.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    3. orthoFootDorsumInterosseiGrayBB446.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    4. orthoFootPlantarLtInterosseiGrayBB447.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
  4. Ligaments
    1. orthoLegFootMedialLigamentsGrayBB354.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    2. orthoLegFootLateralLigamentsGrayBB355.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
    3. orthoLegFootLigamentsXsGrayBB360.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)
  5. Tendons
    1. orthoLegFootTendonsFlexorsLongGrayBB444.gifLewis (1918) Gray's Anatomy 20th ed (in public domain at Yahoo or BartleBy)

V. Anatomy: Nerves

  1. See Foot Neurologic Anatomy
  2. Tibial nerve
  3. Superficial fibular nerve
  4. Deep fibular nerve (peroneal nerve)
  5. Saphenous nerve
  6. Sural nerve

VI. Anatomy: Vascular

  1. See Vascular Anatomy of the Foot
  2. Dorsal foot
    1. Anterior tibial artery
    2. Dorsalis pedis artery (from the anterior leg compartment)
  3. Plantar foot (neurovascular bundle courses posterior to the medial malleolus)
    1. Posterior tibial artery
    2. Peroneal artery

VII. Physiology: Function and Range of motion (3 planes)

  1. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
  2. Eversion and Inversion
    1. Hindfoot
    2. Subtalar joint
  3. Abduction and Adduction
    1. Midfoot
    2. Midtarsal joint
  4. Combinations
    1. Supination (plantar flexion, inversion, adduction)
    2. Supination (dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction)
  5. Images
    1. FootAnatomyJoints.jpg
    2. AnkleAnatomySubtalarFunction.jpg

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