II. Associated Conditions (Comorbid neurological disorders in 60% cases)
- Spina bifida or meningomyelocele
- Arthrogryposis
III. Signs
- Foot with "Rocker-bottom" appearance
- Rigid foot with tight heel cord
- Reversed longitudinal arch
- Convex plantar surface
- Plantar flexion of Ankle Joint
- Midfoot and hindfoot are dorsiflexed
IV. Differential Diagnosis
-
Out-toeing (Talipes Calcaneovalgus)
- More mild changes than Convex Pes Valgus
V. Management
- Stretching may be tried as with Talipes Calcaneovalgus
- Surgery required in most cases
VI. References
- Hoppenfeld (1976) Exam. Spine Extremities, p.159-60,223
- Churgay (1993) Am Fam Physician 47(4):883 [PubMed]
- Gore (2004) Am Fam Physician 69(4):865-72 [PubMed]
- Hoffinger (1996) Pediatr Clin North Am 43:1091-111 [PubMed]