II. Epidemiology
- Less common than In-Toeing
III. Epidemiology
- Common disorder in newborn
IV. Pathophysiology
- Typically related to hip contracture from intrauterine positioning
V. Signs
- Feet externally rotated (Out-toeing) nearly 90 degrees (charlie chaplin walk)
- Hip internal rotation decreased
- Hip external rotation increased
VI. Imaging
VII. Management
- Referral to pediatric orthopedics if persistent findings after age 3 years old
- Typical age of surgical corrective osteotomy is 10 years old
VIII. Course
- Typical improvement in the first year of walking
- Persistent findings after 3 years warrants investigation
IX. Associated Conditions
- Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (if persists >age 8 years old)
- Leg Stress Fracture