II. Precaution
- Back should be exposed (e.g. in gown) to allow for adequate palpation and visualization
III. Exam: Approach
IV. Exam: Other findings
- Gastrointestinal findings
- Epigastric or right upper quadrant tenderness
- Flank Pain
- Midline pulsatile mass
- Decreased Rectal Tone or decreased perineal Sensation
- Genitourinary findings
- Adnexal tenderness or cervical motion tenderness
- Prostate tenderness and swelling
- Urinary Retention (with significant post-void residual)
- Vascular findings
- Varicosities of lower extremities
- Diminished peripheral pulses
- Skin Findings
- Cafe-Au-Lait Spots
- Cutaneous Signs of Dysraphism (e.g. midline hairy patches)
- Lipomata
- Pilonidal Cyst
- Perirectal Abscess
V. Diagnostics
- See Low Back Imaging