Knee Effusion Causes

Aka: Knee Effusion Causes, Intraarticular Knee Swelling

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II. Precautions

  1. Exclude Septic Arthritis (by Arthrocentesis) in Acute Monoarthritis presentations

III. Causes: Trauma

  1. Ligament injury
    1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
    2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
  2. Meniscus Injury
    1. Medial Meniscus Injury
    2. Lateral Meniscus Injury
  3. Patella injury
    1. Patella subluxation
    2. Patella dislocation
  4. Intra-articular Fracture

IV. Causes: Rheumatic Conditions

  1. Reiter's Syndrome
  2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  3. Gout
  4. Pseudogout
  5. Osteoarthritis

V. Causes: Infectious Disease

  1. Septic Joint (critical to exclude)
  2. Gonorrhea
  3. Lyme Disease
  4. Tuberculosis
  5. Brucellosis

VI. Causes: Malignant Tumor

  1. Hematologic Malignancy
  2. Chondroblastoma
  3. Eosinophilic Granuloma
  4. Giant cell tumor
  5. Ewing's Sarcoma
  6. Osteosarcoma
  7. Synovial Sarcoma

VII. Causes: Benign Tumor

  1. Aneurysmal bone cyst
  2. Fibrous cortical defect
  3. Fibrous dysplasia
  4. Osteochondroma
  5. Osteoid Osteoma
  6. Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis

VIII. References

  1. Pendergraph (2026) Am Fam Physician 114(1): 49-62 [PubMed]

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