II. Indications
- Chemotherapy associated Nausea
- Radiation Therapy associated Nausea
- Perioperative Nausea and Vomiting
III. Contraindications
IV. Mechanism
- Blocks peripheral and central 5HT3 receptors
- Peripheral 5HT3 receptors at vagal nerve terminals
- Central 5HT3 receptors at ChemoreceptorTrigger Zone in Medulla (area postrema controls Vomiting)
V. Adverse Effects
- See 5-HT3 Antagonist
-
QTc Prolongation (Ondansetron, Dolasetron)
- See Ondansetron
- Higher risk in higher doses, preexisting QTc Prolongation, CHF, Bradycardia, Hypomagnesemia, Hypokalemia
- Serotonin Syndrome
VI. Dosing
-
Nausea with Chemotherapy
- Adult 100 mg orally given 60 minutes before Chemotherapy
- Child age 2 to 16 years: 1.8 mg/kg for single dose up to 100 mg orally given 60 minutes before Chemotherapy
- Prevention of Surgery Related Nausea (Preoperative)
- Surgery Related Nausea or Vomiting (Postoperative)
- Given prophylactically 15 min before Anesthesia ends to prevent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
- Adult: 12.5 mg IV for single dose given 15 minutes before end of Anesthesia
- Child: 0.35 mg/kg up to 12.5 mg IV for single dose before end of Anesthesia
VII. Drug Interactions
- Cimetidine increases Dolasetron serum levels
- Rifampin decreases Dolasetron serum levels
VIII. Safety
- Pregnancy Category B
- Unknown safety in Lactation
IX. Resources
X. References
- Hamilton (2020) Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia
- Meyer (2005) Anesth Analg 100(2):373-7 +PMID: 15673860 [PubMed]
- Balfour (1997) Drugs 54(2):273-98 +PMID: 9257083 [PubMed]
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Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | The active ingredient in a drug used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatment. Dolasetron is a type of serotonin receptor antagonist and a type of antiemetic. |
Definition (NCI) | An indole derivative and a potent serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with anti-emetic property. Dolasetron blocks the activity of serotonin released from the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine by selectively inhibiting and inactivating 5-HT3 receptors located on the nerve terminals of the vagus nerve in the periphery and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. This results in suppression of signalling to trigger chemo- and radiotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. |
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | C060344 |
SnomedCT | 108421009, 372488002 |
English | octahydro-3-oxo-2,6-methano-2H-quinolizin-8-yl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate, DOLASETRON, dolasetron, Dolasetron, Dolasetron (product), Dolasetron (substance) |
Spanish | dolasetrón (producto), dolasetrona, dolasetrona (producto), dolasetrona (sustancia), dolasetrón (sustancia), dolasetrón |
Ontology: Anzemet (C0718607)
Concepts | Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109) |
MSH | C060344 |
English | Anzemet, anzemet |