II. Exam: Head and Neck Trigger Points
- Paraspinous Neck Muscles
- Upper Trapezius (most common region involved)
- Refer pain to neck and temporal forehead
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Associated with Otalgia and possibly Vertigo
- Associated with increased Lacrimation and Coryza
- Clavicle Musculature
- Referred pain across forehead and behind ear
- Sternal Musculature
- Referred pain into occiput, cheek and periorbital
- Mimics Sinusitis
- Splenius Capitis (cervical paraspinous Muscle)
- Referred Retro-orbital or temporal-orbital pain
- Symptoms include vertex Headache
- Peri-auricular Muscles
III. Exam: Shoulder, Thorax, and Arm Trigger Points
- Anterior Serratus Muscle (lateral to Breast)
- Pectoralis Major Muscle and Pectoralis Minor Muscle
- Referred pain to Breast and ulnar arm
- Levator Scapulae Muscle (lateral Neck)
- Referred pain to base of neck
- Associated with neck stiffness
- Follows cervical Whiplash injury
- Associated with Mood Disorders
- Infraspinatus Muscle (lower Scapula)
- Referred pain to Shoulder joint and down upper arm
- Mimics Cervical Radiculopathy
- Supraspinatus Muscle (upper Scapula)
- Referred pain to middle deltoid and elbow
- Mimics Cervical Radiculopathy
IV. Exam: Back and Buttock Trigger Points (common source of pain)
V. Exam: Thigh, Leg and Foot Trigger Points
- Quadriceps Femoris (anterior thigh quad Muscles)
- Rectus femoris referred to Patella and distal thigh
- Vastus intermedius referred to upper thigh
- Vastus medialis referred to medial knee
- Biceps Femoris (Hamstring Muscles)
- Referred pain to calf
- Gastrocnemius (superficial posterior calf)
- Referred pain to calf and foot instep
- Soleus (deep posterior calf)
- Referred pain to heel and to sacroiliac joint
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Related Studies
| Concepts | Body Location or Region (T029) |
| SnomedCT | 72849007 |
| English | trigger zone, Trigger zone (body structure), Trigger zone |
| Spanish | punto gatillo, zona gatillo, zona reflexógena (estructura corporal), zona reflexógena |
Ontology: Trigger point site (C0563563)
| Concepts | Spatial Concept (T082) |
| SnomedCT | 279229007 |
| English | Trigger point site, Trigger point site (attribute) |
| Spanish | sitio de punto gatillo, sitio del punto reflexógeno (atributo), sitio del punto reflexógeno |
Ontology: Trigger Area (C3179050)
| Concepts | Body Location or Region (T029) |
| MSH | D061028 |
| English | Trigger Area, Trigger Areas, Area, Trigger, Areas, Trigger |
| French | Zone de déclenchement, Zone détente, Zone gâchette |
| German | Triggerzone |
| Norwegian | Triggersone |
