II. Pathophysiology
- Deoxygenated, stagnating blood in dermal, dilated capillary blood vessels
III. Signs
- Characteristics
- Recurrent purple, red or blue discoloration of the skin in a reticular, lacy, fishnet pattern
- Skin Ulceration may occur
- Distribution
- Lower extremities most commonly involved
- May also affect upper extremities and trunk
- Provocative
- Cold exposure
- Cutis Marmorata refers to idiopathic onset with cold
- Cold exposure
- Palliative
- Idiopathic types improve more with rewarming than secondary types
IV. Causes
- Idiopathic (Cutis Marmorata)
- Cold exposure onset and resolves with warming
- Benign, without underlying Vasculitis
- Secondary Livedo Reticularis
- Lupus erythematosus
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cryoglobulinemia
- Lymphoma
- Polycythemia Vera
- Polyarteritis Nodosa