FODMAP

Aka: FODMAP, Fementable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols

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II. Definitions

  1. FODMAP (Fementable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols)
    1. More difficult to digest foods (e.g. dairy, wheat, beans) that result in increased gastrointestinal distress in some patients

III. Indications: FODMAP Avoidance

  1. Functional Bowel Disorders
    1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
    2. Excessive Flatulence
  2. FODMAP avoidance in IBS may reduce pain, bloating, distention and overall bowel-related symptoms
    1. Black (2022) Gut 71(6): 1117-26 [PubMed]

IV. Causes

  1. Fructose
    1. Apples
    2. Pears
    3. Peaches
    4. Mangoes
    5. Dried fruit
    6. Honey
    7. Fruit juice
    8. High fructose corn syrup
  2. Fructans
    1. Fructo-Oligosaccharides
    2. Inulins
    3. Levans (high fiber bars, onions, leeks, zucchini)
  3. Disaccharides (e.g. Lactose)
    1. Dairy
    2. Cheese
    3. Milk
  4. Polyols
    1. Apricots
    2. Peaches
    3. Sugar Alcohols (esp. common in sugar-free gum)
      1. Sorbitol
      2. Xylitol
      3. Mannitol
      4. Malitol
  5. Galactooligosaccharides or Raffinose
    1. Brussel sprouts
    2. Cabbage
    3. Green beans
    4. Lentils
    5. Legumes
    6. Chick peas

V. Precautions

  1. Complete avoidance of FODMAPs is excessive
    1. Contrast with Celiac Disease which requires strict gluten avoidance
    2. Consider keeping a diary of symptoms and food intake

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Related Studies

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