Gross Hematuria

Aka: Gross Hematuria, Pseudohematuria, Red Urine

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II. Causes: Red Urine

  1. Gross Hematuria (confirmed Urine Red Blood Cells on urine microscopy)
    1. Urinary tract source
      1. Urethra or Bladder
      2. Prostate
      3. Ureter or Kidney
    2. Non-Urinary tract source
      1. Vagina
      2. Anus or Rectum
  2. Pseudohematuria (non-Hematuria related Red Urine)
    1. Myoglobinuria
    2. Hemoglobinuria
    3. PhenolphthaleinLaxatives
    4. Phenothiazines
    5. Porphyria
    6. Rifampin
    7. Pyridium
    8. Bilirubinuria
    9. Phenytoin
    10. Pyridium
    11. Red diaper syndrome
    12. Foods (Beets, Blackberries, Rhubarb)
    13. Senna

III. Causes: Asymptomatic Gross Hematuria by Incidence

  1. Acute Cystitis (23%)
  2. Bladder Cancer (17%)
  3. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (12%)
  4. Nephrolithiasis (10%)
  5. Benign essential Hematuria (10%)
  6. Prostatitis (9%)
  7. Renal Cancer (6%)
  8. Pyelonephritis (4%)
  9. Prostate Cancer (3%)
  10. Urethral Stricture (2%)

IV. References

  1. Dial (2003) AAFP Board Review, Seattle

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