Urine Specific Gravity

Aka: Urine Specific Gravity, Urine Dipstick Specific Gravity

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II. Interpretation

  1. Normal Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.030

III. Causes: Increased Specific Gravity (concentrated urine)

  1. Dehydration
  2. Fever
  3. Vomiting
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Diabetes Mellitus and other causes of Glycosuria
  6. Congestive Heart Failure
  7. Syndrome Inappropriate ADH Secretion (SIADH)
  8. Adrenal Insufficiency
  9. X-Ray contrast

IV. Causes: Decreased Specific Gravity (dilute urine)

  1. Diabetes Insipidus
  2. Excessive hydration
  3. Glomerulonephritis
  4. Pyelonephritis
  5. Diuretics
  6. Adrenal Insufficiency
  7. Aldosteronism
  8. Renal Insufficiency
  9. Water Intoxication

V. Causes: Falsely Decreased specific gravity

  1. Alkaline urine

VI. Causes: Falsely Increased specific gravity

  1. Intravenous Dextran
  2. Intravenous radiopaque dye
  3. Proteinuria
  4. Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

VII. References

  1. Hitzeman (2022) Am Fam Physician 106(1): 27-35 [PubMed]

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