II. Subtypes
- Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (most common)
III. Pathophysiology
IV. Symptoms
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Unquenchable thirst
V. Differential Diagnosis
VI. Labs
-
Serum Osmolality
- Increased in both Nephrogenic DI and Central DI
-
Urinalysis
- Urine Specific Gravity under 1.008
VII. Diagnosis
-
Fluid Deprivation Test
- Water deprivation
- No response in Nephrogenic DI or Central DI
- Exogenous ADH administration
- Corrects Central DI
- Does not correct Nephrogenic DI
- Water deprivation
-
Hare-Hickey Test
- Fluid restriction or Injection of Hypertonic Saline
- Measure ADH to Serum Osmolality ratio
- Decreased ratio in Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Increased ratio in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
VIII. Management
- Central Diabetes Insipidus
-
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Remove provocative factors
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| Definition (MSH) | A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst. |
| Definition (CHV) | A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. |
| Definition (MEDLINEPLUS) |
Diabetes insipidus (DI) causes frequent urination. You become extremely thirsty, so you drink. Then you urinate. This cycle can keep you from sleeping or even make you wet the bed. Your body produces lots of urine that is almost all water. DI is different from diabetes mellitus (DM), which involves insulin problems and high blood sugar. The symptoms can be similar. However, DI is related to how your kidneys handle fluids. It's much less common than DM. Urine and blood tests can show which one you have. Usually, DI is caused by a problem with your pituitary gland or your kidneys. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. Medicines can often help. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |
| Definition (NCI) | A disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of urine, accompanied by excessive thirst. Causes include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone or failure of the kidneys to respond to antidiuretic hormone. It may also be drug-related. |
| Definition (CSP) | metabolic disorder due to injury of the neurohypophyseal system; results in deficient quanity of antidiuretic hormone being released or produced, failure of tubular reabsorption of water in the kidney. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D003919 |
| ICD9 | 253.5 |
| ICD10 | E23.2 |
| SnomedCT | 190484000, 15771004 |
| English | Diabetes Insipidus, DIABETES INSIPIDUS, Diabetes Insipidus [Disease/Finding], diabetes insipidus, DI, Diabetes insipidus, DI - Diabetes insipidus, Diabetes insipidus (disorder), diabetes; insipidus, Diabetes insipidus, NOS |
| French | DIABETE INSIPIDE, Diabète insipide |
| Spanish | DIABETES INSIPIDA, diabetes insípida (trastorno), diabetes insípida, Diabetes insípida, Diabetes Insípida |
| German | DIABETES INSIPIDUS, Diabetes insipidus |
| Japanese | 尿崩症, ﾆｮｳﾎｳｼｮｳ |
| Swedish | Diabetes insipidus |
| Czech | diabetes insipidus, Diabetes insipidus, úplavice močová, žíznivka |
| Finnish | Diabetes insipidus |
| Russian | DIABET NESAKHARNYI, ДИАБЕТ НЕСАХАРНЫЙ |
| Portuguese | DIABETES INSIPIDA, Diabetes insípida, Diabetes Insípido |
| Korean | 요붕증 |
| Croatian | DIJABETES INSIPIDUS, DIABETES INSIPIDUS |
| Polish | Moczówka prosta |
| Hungarian | Diabetes insipidus |
| Norwegian | Diabetes insipidus |
| Dutch | diabetes; insipidus, Diabetes insipidus, diabetes insipidus, Diabetes spurius, Diabetes, insipidus, Insipidus, diabetes |
| Italian | Diabete insipido |
