II. Causes: Common
- Functional Constipation is most common cause
- Infants
- Consider maternal medications in Breast fed infants
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Hirschsprung's Disease (delayed meconium passage >48 hours)
- Congenital disorders
- Anteriorly displaced anus
- Older children
- Hypothyroidism
- Anorexia
- Neuromuscular disorders
- References
- Claudius in Majoewsky (2012) EM:RAP - C3 2(3):2
III. Causes: Dietary
- Excessive cows milk
- Cow's Milk Protein Intolerance (blood in stool)
- Transition from Breast Milk to formula
- Transition from strained foods to table foods
- Lack of privacy (e.g. start of daycare or school)
- Lack of bulk in diet
- Under-nutrition
- Pediatric Dehydration
- Celiac Disease
- Vitamin D Toxicity
IV. Causes: Medications and toxins
V. Causes: Structural defects
- Duodenal Atresia
- Anal stenosis
- Imperforate anus
- Small colon Syndrome
- Intussusception
- Volvulus
- Malrotation
- Presacral Teratoma (or other pelvic mass)
- Meconium plug
- Rectal Prolapse
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Anteriorly displaced anus
- Anal Fissure
- Bowel stricture
VI. Causes: Muscle Diseases
- Scleroderma
- Dermatomyositis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Disordered or absent abdominal musculature
- Prune Belly
- Gastroschisis
- Down Syndrome
VII. Causes: Abnormal mysenteric Ganglion cells
- Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschprung's Disease)
- Chagas' Disease
- Von Recklinghausen's Disease
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm (MEN) Type 2
- Internal anal sphincter Achalasia
- Neuronal intestinal dysplasia
- Visceral Myopathy
VIII. Causes: Spinal Cord defects
- See Spinal Dysraphism
- Spina Bifida Occulta
- Myelomeningocele
- Meningocele
- Diastematomyelia
- Paraplegia
- Cauda equina tumor
- Sacral agenesis
- Cerebral Palsy
- Tethered Cord
IX. Causes: Metabolic and endocrine disorders
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Vitamin D Intoxication
- Idiopathic Hypercalcemia
- Hypokalemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Uremia
- Porphyria
- Mitochondrial Disorders
- Connective Tissue Disorders
X. Causes: Infectious conditions
XI. Causes: Neurologic or Psychiatric Conditions
- Myotonic Dystrophy
- Amyotonia congenita
- Mental Retardation
- Psychosis
- Prune-Belly Syndrome
- Pseudo-obstruction syndrome
XII. Causes: Social Factors (Functional Constipation)
- Mood Disorder (Major Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder)
- Changes in home (birth of sibling, parents divorce)
- Starting at a new school
- Toilet Phobia
- Sexual abuse
XIII. References
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Related Studies
| Definition (CCC) | Impression of infrequent or difficult passage of hard, dry feces without cause |
| Definition (CCC) | Difficult passage of hard, dry, feces |
| Definition (MEDLINEPLUS) |
Constipation means that a person has three or fewer bowel movements in a week. The stool can be hard and dry. Sometimes it is painful to pass. At one time or another, almost everyone gets constipated. In most cases, it lasts a short time and is not serious. There are many things you can do to prevent constipation. They include
It's not important that you have a bowel movement every day. If your bowel habits change, however, check with your doctor. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |
| Definition (NCI) | Irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels. |
| Definition (NCI_CTCAE) | A disorder characterized by irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels. |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | A condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don't happen very often. Other symptoms may include painful bowel movements, and feeling bloated, uncomfortable, and sluggish. |
| Definition (NAN) | Self-diagnosis of constipation and abuse of laxatives, enemas, and suppositories to ensure a daily bowel movement |
| Definition (NAN) | Decrease in normal frequency of defecation accompanied by difficult or incomplete passage of stool and/or passage of excessively hard, dry stool |
| Definition (CSP) | condition in which bowel movements are infrequent or incomplete. |
| Definition (MSH) | Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. |
| Concepts | Sign or Symptom (T184) |
| MSH | D003248 |
| ICD9 | 564.00, 564.0 |
| ICD10 | K59.0 , K59.00 |
| SnomedCT | 162080004, 363693003, 162083002, 197123003, 139356000, 139359007, 139358004, 162082007, 14760008, 129585003 |
| LNC | MTHU013416, MTHU013456, MTHU020768 |
| French | CONSTIPATION, Constipation |
| Portuguese | Constipação Intestinal, OBSTIPACAO, Obstipação, Prisão de Ventre |
| Swedish | Förstoppning |
| Japanese | ﾍﾞﾝﾋﾟ, 便秘症, 便秘 |
| Czech | obstipace, zácpa, Zácpa |
| Spanish | constipación subjetiva, constipación, SAI (trastorno), ESTRENIMIENTO, constipación, SAI, estreñimiento, SAI (hallazgo), estreñimiento, SAI, estreñimiento, SAI (trastorno), dificultad para evacuar el intestino, constipación (hallazgo), constipación, SAI (hallazgo), Constipation NOS, Constipación de Vientre, constipación, estreñimiento (trastorno), estreñimiento subjetivo (trastorno), estreñimiento subjetivo, estreñimiento, Estreñimiento |
| Finnish | Ummetus |
| Russian | ZAPORY, ЗАПОРЫ |
| English | constipation (diagnosis), constipation, constipation (symptom), Constipation NOS, Constipation, unspecified, Constipation [Disease/Finding], rndx unspecified constipation (diagnosis), rndx perceived constipation, rndx unspecified constipation, rndx perceived constipation (diagnosis), constipating, constipated, constipate, difficulty defecating, Constipation symptom, Constipation (& symptom), Constipation (& symptom) (finding), Constipation NOS (finding), Constipation (finding), Costive symptom, Constipation NOS (disorder), Unspecified constipation, CONSTIPATION, Perceived Constipation, Unspecified Constipation, Perceived constipation, Constipation (disorder), Costiveness, Perceived constipation (disorder), Difficult passing motion, Difficulty defaecating, Difficulty defecating, Difficulty opening bowels, Difficulty passing stool, CN - Constipation, Constipated, PERCEIVED CONSTIPATION, fecal; retention, retention; fecal, Constipation |
| German | VERSTOPFUNG, Obstipation, Verstopfung |
| Korean | 변비 |
| Italian | Costipazione, Stipsi |
| Croatian | KONSTIPACIJA |
| Polish | Zaparcie |
| Hungarian | Obstipatio |
| Norwegian | Forstoppelse, Treg mage, Hard avføring, Obstipasjon |
| Dutch | faeces; retentie, retentie; faeces, constipatie, Obstipatie, Constipatie |
