II. Definitions
- Dysraphism
- Incomplete raphe closure allows neural Herniation
- Meningocele
- Meningocele in both cranial and Spinal Dysraphism
- Meninges and spinal fluid Herniate via defect
III. Types
- Cranial Dysraphism (e.g. Encephalocele)
- Spinal Dysraphism (e.g. Spina bifida)
IV. Pathophysiology
- Neural tube fails to close in weeks 3-4 in-utero
V. Associated Conditions
VI. Labs: Prenatal Detection
- Serum Alfa-fetoprotein (sAFP) increased
- Routinely tested at 16-18 weeks gestation
- Amniotic fluid measurements
- Amniotic fluid Acetylcholinesterase increased
- Amniotic Alfa-fetoprotein increased
VII. Prevention
- Folic Acid supplementation before conception
VIII. References
- Goetz (1999) Neurology, Saunders, p. 515-16
Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing)
Related Studies
| Definition (MSHCZE) | Stav, kdy mozkové pleny vyhřezávají skrz rozštěp kostěného obalu (nejč. spina bifida), někdy s hromaděním likvoru (meningocystokéla). Druh vrozené vady, která může rovněž představovat překážku při porodu. Srov. meningo myelokéla. (cit. Velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ ) |
| Definition (MSH) | A congenital or acquired protrusion of the meninges, unaccompanied by neural tissue, through a bony defect in the skull or vertebral column. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D008588 |
| SnomedCT | 268308005, 156890007, 171131006, 32941003, 253121009 |
| English | Meningoceles, Herniation, Meningeal, Herniations, Meningeal, Meningeal Herniation, Meningeal Herniations, Herniation of Meninges, Meninges Herniation, Meninges Herniations, Meningocele [Disease/Finding], meningocele, meningoceles, Meningocele (disorder), Meningocele, NOS, Meningocele [Ambiguous], Meningocele |
| Swedish | Hjärnhinnebråck |
| Finnish | Meningoseele |
| Russian | MENINGOTSELE, МЕНИНГОЦЕЛЕ |
| Japanese | 髄膜ヘルニア, 髄膜瘤ヘルニア, 硬膜瘤, 髄膜瘤 |
| Italian | Ernia delle meningi, Meningocele |
| Croatian | MENINGOKELA |
| Polish | Przepuklina oponowa |
| Norwegian | Meningocele, Cranium bifidum, Hjernehinnebrokk, Meningeal herniering, Ryggmargshinnebrokk, Brokk, hjernehinne |
| Czech | meningokéla, meningokela |
| French | Hydroméningocèle, Méningocèle, Hernie des méninges, Hernie méningée |
| Spanish | meningocele (trastorno), meningocele, Meningocele, Herniación de las Meninges, Herniación Meníngea |
| German | Meningozele, Hernienbildung der Meningen, Meningeale Hernienbildung |
| Dutch | Herniatie van de meninges, Meningeale herniatie, Meningokèle |
| Portuguese | Herniação das Meninges, Herniação Meníngea, Meningocele |
Ontology: Spina Bifida (C0080178)
| Definition (MEDLINEPLUS) |
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect - a type of birth defect of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. It happens if the spinal column of the fetus doesn't close completely during the first month of pregnancy. This can damage the nerves and spinal cord. Screening tests during pregnancy can check for spina bifida. Sometimes it is discovered only after the baby is born. The symptoms of spina bifida vary from person to person. Most people with spina bifida are of normal intelligence. Some people need assistive devices such as braces, crutches, or wheelchairs. They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems, or hydrocephalus, a buildup of fluid in the brain. The exact cause of spina bifida is unknown. It seems to run in families. Taking folic acid can reduce the risk of having a baby with spina bifida. It's in most multivitamins. Women who could become pregnant should take it daily. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |
| Definition (NCI) | A congenital neural tube defect in which vertebrae are not fully formed. It results in the protrusion of the spinal cord through the opening of the vertebrae. |
| Definition (MSH) | Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34) |
| Definition (PSY) | Birth defect involving inadequate closure of the bony casement of the spinal cord, through which the spinal membranes, with or without spinal cord tissue, may protrude. |
| Definition (CSP) | developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord, through which the cord and meninges may protrude. |
| Concepts | Congenital Abnormality (T019) |
| MSH | D016135 |
| ICD9 | 741 |
| ICD10 | Q05 , Q05.9 |
| SnomedCT | 156888006, 204017003, 67531005 |
| English | Bifida, Spina, Dysraphia, Spinal, Dysraphias, Spinal, Dysraphism, Spinal, Spinal Dysraphia, Spinal Dysraphias, Spinal Dysraphism, Spina bifida NOS, Spinal dysraphism, Spina bifida, unspecified, Spinal dysrhaphia, SPINA BIFIDA, Spina Bifida, spina bifida (diagnosis), spina bifida, Spina Bifidas, Dysraphisms, Spinal, Spinal Dysraphisms, Schistorrhachis, Spinal Dysraphism [Disease/Finding], spinal dysraphism, Cleft spine, Open spine, Cleft Spine, Open Spine, Spina bifida NOS (disorder), Defective spinal closure, Spina bifida, SB - Spina bifida, Spina bifida (disorder), Spina bifida, NOS, Posterior rachischisis |
| Portuguese | ESPINHA BIFIDA, Disrafismo Espinal, Disrafismo Espinhal, Espinha bífida, Espinha Bífida |
| Spanish | ESPINA BIFIDA, espina bífida, SAI (trastorno), espina bífida, SAI, espina bífida (trastorno), espina bífida, Espina bífida, Disrafia Espinal, Espina Bífida |
| Swedish | Spinal dysrrafi |
| Japanese | ﾆﾌﾞﾝｾｷﾂｲ, 脊柱披裂, 縫合障害状態, 脊椎披裂, 二分脊椎, 脊髄閉鎖不全症, 脊髄癒合不全 |
| Czech | spina bifida, páteř - dysrafie, Spina bifida |
| Finnish | Selkärankahalkio |
| Italian | Spina bifida, Schistorrhachis, Disrafia spinale |
| Russian | DIZRAFICHESKII STATUS, POZVONOCHNIKA RASSHCHELINA, SPINAL'NYI DIZRAFIZM, POZVONOCHNIKA NEZARASHCHENIE, SPINA BIFIDA, ДИЗРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС, ПОЗВОНОЧНИКА НЕЗАРАЩЕНИЕ, ПОЗВОНОЧНИКА РАСЩЕЛИНА, СПИНАЛЬНЫЙ ДИЗРАФИЗМ |
| French | SPINA BIFIDA, Dysraphie spinale, Rachischisis postérieur, Hydrorachis, Myélodysraphie, Spina bifida |
| German | SPINA BIFIDA, Spina bifida, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Spina bifida, Spinale Dysrhaphie, Spinale Spaltbildung |
| Korean | 척추갈림증, 상세불명의 척추갈림증 |
| Croatian | KRALJEŽNICA, DISRAFIZAM |
| Polish | Zespół dysraficzny, Dysrafizm, Rozszczep kręgosłupa |
| Hungarian | Spina bifida |
| Norwegian | Spinal dysrafi, Spinal dysrafisme, Spina bifida |
| Dutch | Spina bifida, niet gespecificeerd, spina bifida, Spina bifida |
