II. Epidemiology
- Most common type associated with Brachial Birth Trauma
III. Pathophysiology
- Upper Roots (C5 to C6) Injury
IV. Signs: Waiter's Tip
- Arm adducted and internally rotated
- Forearm pronated
- Wrist flexed
- Finger function and grasp reflex are normal
- Moro Reflex and Biceps Reflex absent on affected side
- Waiter's Tip position if C7 involvement
V. Prognosis
- Fair to good recovery of arm function: 50-80%
VI. References
- Goetz (1999) Neurology, Saunders, p. 259
- Bower (2001) Clin Fam Pract 3(2):401-27 [PubMed]