Anion Gap

Aka: Anion Gap

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II. Definition

  1. Difference between calculated serum anions and cations

III. Calculation

  1. AG = Serum Sodium - Serum Chloride - Serum Bicarbonate
  2. AG = uAnions - uCations
    1. Where uAnions = Unmeasured anions (e.g. Albumin, sulfate, phosphate, organic)
    2. Where uCations = Unmeasured cations (e.g. Potassium, calcium, Magnesium, gamma globulins)

IV. Interpretation

  1. Normal Anion Gap: 12 +/- 2 meq/L

V. Causes: Low Anion Gap

  1. Paraproteinemia (Multiple Myeloma)
  2. Spurious Hyperchloremia (Bromide toxicity)
  3. Hyponatremia
  4. Hypermagnesemia
  5. Hypoalbuminemia
    1. Anion Gap decreases 2.5 meq per 1 g/dl Albumin drop

VI. Causes: High Anion Gap

  1. Metabolic Acidosis with high Anion Gap (without increased Serum Chloride)

VII. References

  1. Bakerman (1984) ABCs of Lab Data, ILD, Greenville, NC
  2. Ghosh (2000) Fed Pract p. 23-33

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Ontology: Anion Gap (C0003074)

Concepts Clinical Attribute (T201)
MSH D000136
SnomedCT 102637000
LNC LP30809-5, MTHU015314
English Anion Gaps, Gap, Anion, Gaps, Anion, Anion gap, function, anion gap, AG - Anion gap, Anion gap, Anion gap, function (observable entity), Anion gap (function), Anion Gap
Portuguese Gap Aniônico
Spanish Anión Gap, anión gap, anion gap, anión restante, brecha aniónica (entidad observable), brecha aniónica (función), brecha aniónica, hiato aniónico, intervalo aniónico
French Trou anionique
German Anionen-Lücke
Italian Gap anionico
Czech AG, anion gap, aniontová mezera
Norwegian Anion gap
Dutch Anion gap
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

Related Topics in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

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