II. Indications
-
Renal Failure Assessment
- Prerenal Azotemia
- Acute Tubular Necrosis
III. Physiology
- Normal renal response to hypoperfusion (e.g. shock) is to retain Sodium
- Hence the Urine Sodium excretion (FENa) is reduced in Prerenal Failure (e.g. dehydration)
- However, in intrinsic Renal Failure (e.g. ATN, AIN, GN), the Kidney loses its ability to retain Sodium
- Therefore, Sodium is wasted in the urine, cannot be reabsorbed, and results in a high FENa
IV. Calculation
- FENa = (Sodium Excretion x 100)/(total filtered load)
- Sodium Excretion = (Urine Sodium) / (Serum Sodium)
- Total filtered Load = (Urine Creatinine) / (Serum Creatinine)
- FENa = (uNa x sCr x 100) / (sNa x uCr)
- uNa is Urine Sodium
- sCr is Serum Creatinine
- sNa is Serum Sodium
- uCr is Urine Creatinine
V. Interpretation: Fractional Excretion of Sodium
- FENa <1%: Prerenal Azotemia
- Consistent with spot Urine Sodium <30 meq/L
- FENa >1-2%: Acute Intrinsic renal condition (e.g. Acute Tubular Necrosis)
- Consistent with spot Urine Sodium >30 meq/L
- FENa >4%: Post-Renal Azotemia
VI. Efficacy
- FENa can be high despite Prerenal Failure
- Diuretics increase FENa
- Delay FENa until 6-8 hours after last Diuretic dose
- Consider Fractional Excretion of Urea instead
- Diuretics increase FENa
- FENa may be low despite acute intrinsic renal disease
- Post-ischemic Acute Tubular Necrosis
- IV contrast or Hyperpigments
- Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Vasculitis
VII. Resources
- MDCalc Fractional Excretion of Sodium
VIII. References
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| Definition (NCI_CDISC) | A measurement of the fractional excretion of sodium that is computed based upon the concentrations of sodium and creatinine in both blood and urine. |
| Definition (NCI) | The percentage of the total sodium filtered by the kidney that is excreted in the urine. The fractional excretion is calculated by multiplying urinary sodium concentration by the plasma creatinine concentration, then dividing by the urinary creatinine concentration multiplied by the plasma sodium concentration. The resulting ratio is multiplied by 100. |
| Concepts | Laboratory Procedure (T059) |
| SnomedCT | 250725006 |
| English | fractional excretion of sodium, fractional excretion of sodium test, fractional sodium excretion, FENA, FeNa, Fractional Excretion of Sodium, FENa, Fractional Excretion of Na, Fractional Sodium Excretion, Fractional excretion of sodium, Measurement of fractional excretion of sodium (procedure), Measurement of fractional excretion of sodium |
| Spanish | excreción fraccional de sodio, medición de la EFNa, medición de la excreción fraccional de sodio (procedimiento), medición de la excreción fraccional de sodio |
