II. Epidemiology
- Accounts for 50-70% of all Acute Renal Failure
III. Causes
IV. Pathophysiology
- Reduced Cardiac Output and renal perfusion pressure (shock states)
- Results in afferent arteriole constriction
- Avid Sodium and Water reabsorption
- Oliguria
- Acute Tubular Necrosis if prolonged hypoperfusion
V. Signs
- Impaired Cardiac Output
- Neck vein distention
- Rales
- Gallup Rhythm
- Pedal edema
- Orthostatic Blood Pressure and pulse changes
- Weight loss
- Decreased fluid intake
- Decreased Urine Output
VI. Diagnostics
- Empiric volume replacement
- Invasive cardiac monitoring
VII. Labs
- See Renal Function
- Urine Sediment
- Normal sediment
- Hyaline Casts
- Granular Casts
VIII. Management
IX. Prognosis
X. Prevention
XI. Resources
XII. Reference:
- Anderson (8/15/1993) Hospital Practice, p. 61-75
- Meyer (2007) N Engl J Med 357(13): 1316-25 [PubMed]
- Rahman (2012) Am Fam Physician 86(7): 631-9 [PubMed]
- Singri (2003) JAMA 289(6):747-51 [PubMed]
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Related Studies
Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
ICD10 | R39.2 |
SnomedCT | 55655006, 445646001 |
English | PRERENAL AZOTEMIA, Prerenal renal failure, Prerenal uraemia, Azotemia prerenal, Prerenal uremia, Azotaemia, Azotaemia due to inadequate renal perfusion, Azotemia due to inadequate renal perfusion, Prerenal azotemia, Prerenal azotaemia, Prerenal azotemia (disorder), Azotemia, azotemia, azotaemia, azotemia prerenal, prerenal azotemia, Prerenal uremia syndrome (disorder), Blum's syndrome, Extrarenal uremia syndrome, Extrarenal uraemia syndrome, Prerenal uraemia syndrome, Azotaemia prerenal, Prerenal uremia syndrome, prerenal; uremia, uremia; prerenal |
Dutch | azotemie prerenaal, prerenale azotemie, prerenaal; uremie, uremie; prerenaal |
French | Azotémie prérénale |
German | praerenale Azotaemie, Azotaemie praerenal |
Italian | Azotemia pre-renale |
Portuguese | Azotemia pré-renal |
Spanish | Azotemia prerenal, Azotemia prerrenal, azoemia prerrenal (trastorno), azoemia por perfusión renal inadecuada, azoemia prerrenal, síndrome urémico extrarrenal, síndrome urémico prerrenal, síndrome urémico prerrenal (trastorno), síndrome de Blum, azotemia prerrenal, azotemia |
Japanese | 腎前性高窒素血症, ジンゼンセイコウチッソケッショウ, ジンゼンセイコウチッソケツショウ |
Czech | Prerenální azotemie |
Hungarian | Praerenalis azotaemia |
Ontology: Acute prerenal failure (C1167654)
Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
French | Défaillance rénale aiguë fonctionnelle |
Italian | Insufficienza acuta pre-renale |
Japanese | 急性腎前性腎不全, キュウセイジンゼンセイジンフゼン |
Czech | Akutní prerenální selhání |
Hungarian | Acut praerenalis elégtelenség |
English | Acute prerenal failure |
Portuguese | Insuficiência pré-renal aguda |
Spanish | Fallo prerenal agudo |
Dutch | acuut pre-nierfalen |
German | akute praerenale Insuffizienz |