Acute Kidney Injury Risk

Aka: Acute Kidney Injury Risk, Acute Renal Failure Risk, Nephrotoxicity Risk

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II. Risk Factors: Nephrotoxicity or Renal Failure

  1. Susceptible Kidney
    1. Advanced age (especially over age 75 years)
    2. Chronic Kidney Disease or prior Renal Insufficiency
    3. Renal Transplantation
    4. Prior renal surgery
  2. Comorbid condition associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (Renal Insufficiency)
    1. Diabetes Mellitus
    2. Multiple Myeloma
    3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    4. Conditions with Proteinuria
    5. Acute Trauma (associated with Rhabdomyolysis)
    6. Cardiac surgery
    7. AIDS
    8. Hypertension
    9. Hyperlipidemia
  3. Sodium-retaining states (Hyponatremia)
    1. Cirrhosis
    2. Congestive Heart Failure
    3. Nephrotic Syndrome
  4. Diminished Effective Circulation
    1. Dehydration
    2. Peripheral Vascular Disease
    3. Coronary Artery Disease
    4. Sepsis or shock
    5. Renal Artery Stenosis
    6. Anemia
    7. Mechanical Ventilation
  5. Electrolyte or acid-base disturbance
    1. Metabolic Acidosis
    2. Hypokalemia
    3. Hypomagnesemia
    4. Hyperuricemia or Hyperuricosuria
  6. Nephrotoxic Drugs alone or in combination
    1. See Nephrotoxic Drugs
    2. See Intravenous Contrast Related Acute Renal Failure
    3. Rhabdomyolysis

III. References

  1. Leblanc (2005) Curr Opin Crit Care 11(6): 533-6 [PubMed]
  2. Mercado (2019) Am Fam Physician 100(11): 687-94 [PubMed]

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