II. Types
- Tic Disorder (e.g. Tourette's Syndrome)
-
Tremor
- Parkinson's Disease
- Benign Tremor (Familial Tremor)
- Chorea (Arrhythmic, jerky movement)
- Athetosis (Snake-like, twisting movements)
-
Dystonia (persistent muscular contractions)
- Dystonic Reaction (e.g. post-Neuroleptic)
- Torticollis (neck Muscle spasm)
- Blepharospasm (forceful Eyelid closure)
- Post-anoxic Dystonia (e.g. dystonic hand or foot)
- Writer's Cramp
- Ballismus (throwing-motion hand jerk)
-
Myoclonus (brief, non-rhythmic, shock-like movement)
- Toxic state
- Anoxia
- Seizure Disorder
- Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease
- Other altered movement
- See Extrapyramidal Side Effect
- Akathisia
- Motor restlessness or psychomotor aggitation
- May present as inability to sit still, pacing or wringing hands
- Bradykinesia
- Motor slowing or psychomotor retardation
- May present as generalized motor and emotional slowing
- Catatonia
- Severe Bradykinesia to the point of immobility and muscular rigidity
III. Evaluation: Differentiate from Seizure Disorder
- Suppressible (Tics)
- Disappears during sleep
- Except Ballismus and Torsion Dystonia
- Provoked by stress or anxiety
- Irregular or arrhythmic
- No Loss of consciousness
- Distractible
-
Family History prominent
- Some Seizure are also familial
IV. Differential Diagnosis
V. Resources
- Worldwide Education Awareness for Movement Disorders