Tourette's Syndrome

Aka: Tourette's Syndrome

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II. Epidemiology

  1. Prevalence: 1-10 cases per 10,000
  2. More common in males by a factor of 3-9 times
  3. Onset: Age 6 to 7 years
  4. Peak of severity: Ages 9 to 11 years

III. Diagnosis: DSM IV Criteria

  1. Both motor and Vocal Tics for more than 12 months
    1. See Tic Disorder
  2. Tics occur many times per day and nearly every day
  3. No tic-free period exceeding 3 consecutive months
  4. Impaired social or occupational functioning
  5. Onset before age 18 years
  6. Not due to Tic Secondary Causes
    1. Not due to Substance Abuse
      1. Stimulant drugs
    2. Not due to medical disease
      1. Huntington's Chorea
      2. Postviral Encephalitis

IV. Symptoms

  1. See Tic Disorder

V. Differential Diagnosis

  1. See Tic Disorder
  2. Tic Secondary Cause

VI. Associated Conditions

  1. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
  2. Attention Deficit Disorder

VII. Management

  1. See Tourette's Syndrome Management

VIII. Prognosis

  1. Symptoms diminish or extinguish by age 18 (in 85% of cases)
    1. Complete resolution: 50%
    2. Improved: 30% to 50%
  2. Symptoms unchanged or worse into adulthood: 5% to 10%

IX. Resources

  1. Tourette's Syndrome Association
    1. http://www.tsa-usa.org

X. References

  1. APA (1994) DSM IV, APA, p. 103
  2. Jankovic (2001) N Engl J Med 345:1184-92 [PubMed]
  3. Leckman (2006) J Child Neurol 21:642-9 [PubMed]

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