Tic Secondary Cause

Aka: Tic Secondary Cause, Tic Differential Diagnosis, Secondary Causes of Tic Disorder

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II. Causes: Neurologic with acquired origin

  1. Basal Ganglia injury
    1. Head Trauma
    2. Viral Encephalitis
    3. Cerebrovascular Accident
  2. Sydenham's Chorea
  3. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
  4. Neurosyphilis
  5. Seizure Disorder

III. Causes: Neurologic with genetic origin

  1. Structural disorders
    1. Craniosynostosis
    2. Corpus callosum dysgenesis
    3. Arnold-Chiari Malformation
  2. Miscellaneous disorders
    1. Huntington's Chorea
    2. Neuroacanthocytosis
    3. Hallervorden-Spatz disease
    4. Idiopathic Dystonia
    5. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  3. Neurocutaneous Syndrome
    1. Neurofibromatosis
    2. Tuberous sclerosis
  4. Chromosomal disorders
    1. Down Syndrome
    2. Klinefelter's Syndrome
    3. XYY Karyotype
    4. Fragile X Syndrome

IV. Causes: Primary Psychiatric and Neuropsychiatric

  1. Schizophrenia
  2. Asperger Syndrome (Autism)
  3. Mental Retardation
  4. Akathisia

V. Causes: Medications and Drugs

  1. See Medication Induced Tics

VI. Causes: Endocrine

  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Hypoglycemia

VII. References

  1. Bagheri (1999) Am Fam Physician 59(8):2263-72 [PubMed]
  2. Kenney (2008) Am Fam Physician 77:651-60 [PubMed]
  3. Rampello (2006) J Neurol 253: 1-15 [PubMed]

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