Motor Vehicle Accident

Aka: Motor Vehicle Accident, MVA, Single Car Accident, Pedestrian Injury

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II. Causes: Single Car Accident (6 S's Mnemonic)

  1. Seizure
  2. Syncope
  3. Sugar (Hypoglycemia)
  4. Suicide
  5. Sleep
  6. Sauce (Alcohol Intoxication)

III. Mechanism: Frontal Impact MVA

  1. Signs at accident scene
    1. Bent steering wheel
    2. Knee impact on dash
    3. Bull's-eye impression in windshield
  2. Associated Injuries
    1. Cervical Spine Fracture
    2. Anterior Flail Chest
    3. Myocardial Contusion
    4. Pneumothorax
    5. Traumatic Aortic Rupture or transection
    6. Spleen or liver Fracture
    7. Hip or Knee Dislocation

IV. Mechanism: Side Impact MVA

  1. Contralateral Neck Sprain
  2. Cervical Spine Fracture
  3. Pneumothorax
  4. Lateral Flail Chest
  5. Spleen or Liver Fracture
  6. Traumatic Aortic Rupture
  7. Diaphragmatic Rupture
  8. Pelvic Fracture or acetabulum Fracture

V. Mechanism: Rear Impact MVA

  1. Cervical Spine Injury

VI. Mechanism: Ejection from Vehicle

  1. Significantly increased risk of multiple injury
  2. Significantly increased mortality

VII. Mechanism: Motor vehicle-pedestrian: Injury triad

  1. Step 1: Bumper impact
    1. Lower extremity Fracture
  2. Step 2: Hood or Windscreen impact
    1. Thoracic or Abdominal Injury
  3. Step 3: Ground impact
    1. Head Injury

VIII. Associated Conditions

  1. Seat Belt Sign
  2. Seat Belt Fracture

IX. Prevention

  1. See Automobile Safety
  2. See Adult Safety Belt
  3. See Child Safety Seat

X. References

  1. (2012) ATLS Manual, 9th ed, American College of Surgeons

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