II. Epidemiology
- Sleep Disorders affect 50 to 70 million U.S. adults
- Sleep per night <6 hours in 40% of U.S. adults
III. Complications
- Specific causes of sleep disturbance (e.g. Obstructive Sleep Apnea) have more specific complications
- Sleep disturbance is associated with decreased quality of life and increased all cause mortality
- Motor Vehicle Accident increased risk
- Hypertension
IV. Types
- See Pediatric Sleep Disorders
- Problems falling asleep
- Insomnia
- Delayed Sleep Phase
- Shifted sleep cycle to later sleep onset and later wake time (esp. teens and young adults)
- Behavior and movement disturbance during sleep sleep
- Restless Legs Syndrome
- Periodic Limb Movement
- Periodic, repetitive and stereotypic limb movements (especially legs) during sleep
- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
- Motor activity during sleep (e.g. acting out dreams)
- Parasomnias (e.g. Sleep Walking, Nightmares)
- Parasomnias start in childhood and may persist into adulthood
- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Loud snoring, witnessed apneas and Daytime Somnolence
- Narcolepsy
- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Cataplexy and Hallucinations (on going to sleep and awakening)
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
V. Diagnostics
- See Polysomnogram (Sleep Study)