II. Definitions
- Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT)
- Serum transaminase most specific for hepatocyte injury
- Contrast with Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), which is found in Muscle, Kidneys and brain
III. Labs
- Normal Serum ALT
- Normal ranges (below Upper Limit of Normal) are per AASLD and ACG
- Men <30-33 U/L
- Women <19-25 U/L
- Elevation Severity (based on Upper Limit of Normal or ULN)
- Borderline <2x ULN
- Mild 2-5x ULN
- Moderate 5-15x ULN
- Severe >15x ULN
- Massive >10,000 U/L
IV. Causes: Increased ALT
- See Liver Function Test Abnormality
- Common causes based on degree of elevation
- Alcohol
- ALT rarely above 400
- AST more than twice ALT
- Transient biliary obstruction: Common Bile Duct Stone
- ALT may rise to 1000
- ALT rises rapidly and then quickly normalizes
- Autoimmune Hepatitis: ALT rises gradually to 1000
- Viral Hepatitis
- Most viruses: ALT rises gradually to 2000
- Atypicals (e.g. herpes): Rapid increase to 2000
- Medications:
- Most medications: ALT rises gradually to 1500
- Acetaminophin and toxins: Rises rapidly to >2000
- Alcohol
- Common liver disease causes
- Uncommon liver disease causes
- Non-liver disease causes
- See Aspartate Transaminase (AST)
- Conditions with ratio of AST to ALT > 2
- Alcoholism
- Wilson's Disease (ratio may exceed 4)
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Related Studies
| Definition (NCI) | Alanine aminotransferase 1 (496 aa, ~55 kDa) is encoded by the human GPT gene. This protein plays a role in both amino acid metabolism and pyruvate synthesis. |
| Definition (MSH) | An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Enzyme (T126) |
| MSH | D000410 |
| SnomedCT | 56935002 |
| LNC | LP31977-9, LP15333-5, MTHU006766 |
| English | Alanine 2 Oxoglutarate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Alanine-2-Oxoglutarate Aminotransferase, Aminotransferase, Alanine, Aminotransferase, Alanine-2-Oxoglutarate, Glutamic Alanine Transaminase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Glutamic-Alanine Transaminase, Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase, Transaminase, Glutamic-Alanine, Transaminase, Glutamic-Pyruvic, alanine aminotransferase, L-Alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, ALAT-Alanine aminotransferase, ALT, Alanine Transaminase, Glut pyruvate transaminase, L-ala:2-oxoglut aminotransfer, Transaminase, Alanine, glutamic alanine transaminase, alanine transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, S-ALAT, Alanine Transaminase [Chemical/Ingredient], s-alat, alts, SGPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gpt, alt alanine aminotransferase, gpts, alt, alanine transaminase (ALT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, transaminase glutamic-pyruvic, Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase 1, Glutamic--Alanine Transaminase 1, Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase, GPT 1, Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase 1, Alanine Aminotransferase 1, EC 2.6.1.2, Alanine aminotransferase, GPT, Glutamic-alanine transaminase, Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, ALAT - Alanine aminotransferase, ALT - Alanine aminotransferase, Alanine transaminase, Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, L-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase (substance), AAT1, GPT1, ALT1 |
| Swedish | Alanintransaminas |
| Czech | alanintransaminasa, alaninaminotransferasa |
| Finnish | Alaniiniaminotransferaasi |
| Italian | Glutammico-piruvico transaminasi, Alanina aminotransferasi, Glutammico-alanina transaminasi, Alanina 2-ossoglutarato aminotransferasi, Alanina transaminasi |
| Russian | ALANIN-TRANSAMINAZA, ALANINAMINOTRANSFERAZA, SGPT, АЛАНИНАМИНОТРАНСФЕРАЗА, АЛАНИН-ТРАНСАМИНАЗА |
| Japanese | グルタミン酸-アラニントランスアミナーゼ, アラニントランスアミナーゼ, アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ, グルタミック-ピルビックトランスアミナーゼ, グルタミン酸-ピルビン酸トランスアミナーゼ |
| Croatian | ALANIN TRANSAMINAZA, ALANIN AMINOTRANSFERAZA |
| Polish | Transaminaza alaninowa, Aminotransferaza alaninowa |
| Portuguese | Tgp, Alanina Aminotransferase, Alanina Transaminase, Transaminase Glutâmico-Pirúvica |
| Spanish | alanina aminotransferasa (sustancia), alanina aminotransferasa, transaminasa glutámica - alanina, transaminasa glutámica - pirúvica, Alanina Aminotransferasa, Alanina Transaminasa, Transaminasa Glutamico-Piruvica |
| French | SGPT, Alanine transaminase, Glutamique-alanine transaminase, Glutamique-pyruvique transaminase |
| German | Alanin-Aminotransferase, Alanin-Transaminase, GPT, Glutamin-Pyruvattransaminase |
Ontology: Transaminases (C0002594)
| Definition (NCI) | Transaminases are a sub-subclass of mostly pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Mediating conversion of major intermediate metabolites and reversible transamination, Transaminases are often involved in cellular nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis and in the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. |
| Definition (MSH) | A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Enzyme (T126) |
| MSH | D000637 |
| SnomedCT | 124393002, 130093006 |
| English | Aminotransferases, Transaminases, aminotransferase, Transaminases [Chemical/Ingredient], transaminase, aminotransferases, transaminases, Transaminase, Aminotransferase, Aminotransferase (substance), EC 2.6.1 |
| Swedish | Transaminaser |
| Czech | aminotransferasy, transaminasy |
| Finnish | Transaminaasit |
| Italian | Aminotransferasi, Transaminasi |
| Russian | AMINOTRANSFERAZY, TRANSAMINAZY, АМИНОТРАНСФЕРАЗЫ, ТРАНСАМИНАЗЫ |
| Croatian | TRANSAMINAZE |
| Polish | Aminotransferazy, Transaminazy |
| Japanese | アミノ基転移酵素, アミノトランスフェラーゼ, アミノフェラーゼ, トランスアミナーゼ |
| Spanish | aminotransferasa, transaminasa (sustancia), transaminasa, Transaminasas, Aminotransferasas |
| French | Aminotransférases, Transaminases |
| German | Aminotransferasen, Transaminasen |
| Portuguese | Transaminases, Aminotransferases |
Ontology: SGPT - Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (C0376147)
| Definition (NCI) | Activity measured as a test of liver function, human Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminases (Alanine Aminotransferase Family) are pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes involved in cellular nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and liver gluconeogenesis. Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminases mediate conversion of major intermediate metabolites, catalyzing reversible transamination between alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. (NCI) |
| Definition (NCI_NCI-GLOSS) | An enzyme found in the liver and other tissues. A high level of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase released into the blood may be a sign of liver damage, cancer, or other diseases. |
| Concepts | Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Enzyme (T126) |
| MSH | D000410 |
| SnomedCT | 56935002 |
| English | SGPT - Glut pyruvate transam, SGPT - Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, ALT, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alanine transferase, SGPT (ALT), SGPT |
| Portuguese | SGPT |
| Spanish | SGPT |
| German | SGPT |
| Italian | SGPT |
