II. Indications

  1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
    1. No longer available in United States
    2. Not recommended for use due to hepatotoxicty

III. Pharmacokinetics

  1. Onset: 2 hours
  2. Duration: 6 to 10 hours
  3. Half-Life: 12 hours
  4. Steady state reached in 2 to 3 days
  5. Titrate dose every 3 to 4 weeks
    1. Delayed onset of therapeutic effect up to 3 to 4 weeks after being started

IV. Dosing

  1. Range: 0.5 - 2.5 mg/kg/dose (Up to 112.5 mg/day)
  2. Start: 18.75 mg orally each morning
  3. Frequency: Once to twice daily

V. Monitoring

  1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
    1. Obtain baseline
    2. Repeat testing every 2 weeks
  2. Symptom inquiry at every visit
    1. Anorexia
    2. Malaise
    3. Gastrointestinal symptoms
    4. Dark Urine

VI. Precautions

  1. Informed Consent from parents required prior to use (due to hepatotoxicity)

VII. Adverse Effects

  1. Hepatic failure of dysfunction
  2. Choreoathetoid movements
  3. Other adverse effects similar to Methylphenidate

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Related Studies

Ontology: Pemoline (C0030800)

Definition (NCI) An oxazolidine compound with central nervous system (CNS) stimulant property. Although pemoline has pharmacological activity similar to other CNS stimulants, the exact mechanism and site of action are unknown. This agent has minimal sympathomimetic properties, but animal studies indicate it may work through dopaminergic mechanisms. Pemoline has been withdrawn from the U.S. market because of the agent's association with life threatening hepatic failure.
Definition (MSH) A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.
Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109)
MSH D010389
SnomedCT 387393000, 70776005
LNC LP16236-9, MTHU015176
English Phenoxazole, Phenylisohydantoin, pemoline, 4(5H)-Oxazolone, 2-amino-5-phenyl-, 2-Imino-4-keto-5-phenyltetrahydrooxazole, 5-Phenylisohydantion, pemoline (medication), Pemoline, Pemoline [Chemical/Ingredient], pio, PIO, Pemoline (product), Pemoline (substance), PEMOLINE
Swedish Pemolin
Czech pemolin
Finnish Pemoliini
Russian TRADON, FENOKSAZOL, PEMOLIN, FENILIZOGIDANTOIN, ПЕМОЛИН, ТРАДОН, ФЕНИЛИЗОГИДАНТОИН, ФЕНОКСАЗОЛ
Polish Pemolina
Japanese フェニルイソヒダントイン, ペモリン, フェノキサゾル, ベタナミン
Spanish fenilisohidantoína, pemolina (producto), pemolina (sustancia), pemolina, Fenilisohidantoina, Fenoxazol, Pemolina
French Pemoline
German Pemolin, Phenoxazol, Phenylisohydantoin
Italian Pemolina
Portuguese Fenilisoidantoína, Fenoxazol, Pemolina

Ontology: Cylert (C0719594)

Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Organic Chemical (T109)
MSH D010389
English cylert, Cylert, Abbott Brand of Pemoline