Supraventricular Tachycardia Management in the Child

Aka: Supraventricular Tachycardia Management in the Child

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II. Precautions

  1. Distinguish SVT from Sinus Tachycardia (see Supraventricular Tachycardia for distinguising features)
  2. Do not use this algorithm for Sinus Tachycardia
  3. Always obtain an EKG after conversion to a sinus rhythm to asess for underlying causes
    1. WPW Syndrome
    2. Brugada Syndrome
    3. Prolonged QT Interval
  4. Combining Antiarrhythmics risks complications
    1. Avoid using both Amiodarone and Procainamide
    2. Verapamil can also predispose to complications when used in combination with Amiodarone or Procainamide

III. Labs

  1. Avoid Cardiac Markers (e.g. Troponin, BNP) in children with SVT
    1. Markers will be increased in PSVT
  2. Other labs (e.g. Electrolytes)
    1. Not indicated in most cases of PSVT unless suspected secondary cause

IV. Diagnostics

  1. Electrocardiogram
    1. Indicated in all patients after SVT termination
    2. Evaluate for signs WPW (Delta wave or Short PR Interval)
      1. See restrictions below

V. Imaging

  1. Chest XRay
    1. Not indicated in typical SVT
  2. Echocardiogram indications
    1. Adolescents (prior to Cardiac Ablation)
    2. Infants with Supraventricular Tachycardia

VI. Management: Initial Stable SVT

  1. Vagal Stimulation (if no delay)
    1. See Vagal Maneuver
    2. Ice water immersion or ice placed on face
    3. Carotid Massage
    4. Valsalva Maneuver
      1. See Valsalva for positional modifications (increased efficacy)
  2. Adenosine (if no delay)
    1. Precautions
      1. Do not use Adenosine in irregular rhythm (risk of rhythm degeneration)
      2. Run continuous rhythm strip with Adenosine to interpret response and underlying rhythm
    2. First: 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push (maximum: 6 mg)
    3. Second: 0.2 mg/kg rapid IV push (maximum: 12 mg)
      1. Indicated if no response to first dose other than transient rate slowing
      2. Second dose not beneficial if rhythm terminated with first Adenosine dose and then recurred
        1. In these cases, see Verapamil below
  3. Verapamil
    1. Precautions
      1. Avoid Verapamil under age 2-5 years or Wide Complex Tachycardia, WPW or CHF
    2. Indications
      1. SVT converts with Verapamil and then recurs
      2. Verapamil is more helpful than Adenosine in these cases (one hour duration instead of seconds for Adenosine)

VII. Management:

  1. Indications
    1. Unstable SVT
      1. Especially in prolonged SVT (e.g. lethargic infant) in whom Antiarrhythmics may precipitate hemodynamic instability or worse Arrhythmia
    2. Failed initial measures
      1. Typically not beneficical if rhythm terminated with Adenosine dose and then recurred soon after
  2. Synchronized Cardioversion
    1. Conscious Sedation
    2. Synchronized Cardioversion
      1. Initial dose: 0.5-1.0 Joules/kg
      2. Subsequent doses: Up to 2 Joules/kg
    3. Repeat cardioversion as needed

VIII. Management: Refractory Narrow Complex Tachycardia

  1. Consult pediatric cardiology
  2. Precautions
    1. Infants presenting in SVT (especially if lethargic)
      1. Avoid Antiarrhythmics (unless directed by pediatric cardiology)
      2. Risk of precipitating Congestive Heart Failure or worse Arrhythmia
  3. Consider either of following agents based on Consultation (choose only one)
    1. Amiodarone 5 mg/kg IV over 20 to 60 minutes or
    2. Procainamide 15 mg/kg IV over 30 to 60 minutes (preferred)
      1. Greater efficacy than Amiodarone with possibly fewer adverse effects
      2. Chang (2010) Circ Arrhthm Electrophysiol 3(2): 134-40 [PubMed]

IX. Disposition: Following SVT termination

  1. Infants
    1. Admit for monitoring
    2. Cardiology Consultation
  2. Adolescent (generally healthy)
    1. Observe for 2 hours if rhythm normalized after Adenosine or Vagal Maneuvers
    2. Observe for 3-4 hours after Verapamil
    3. Admit if SVT termination required Amiodarone or Procainamide

X. Disposition: Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  1. See Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
  2. Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death (0.1% per year)
  3. Cardiology Consultation
  4. Activity Restriction

XI. References

  1. Claudius, Behar and Bar-Cohen in Herbert (2014) EM:Rap 14(5): 7-8
  2. Pediatric Resucitation
    1. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/126/5/e1361.full.html
    2. (2010) Pediatrics 126(5): e1361 [PubMed]

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Related Studies

Ontology: Supraventricular tachycardia (C0039240)

Definition (NCI) A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia which does not originate in the ventricles or His Purkinje system. There is an abnormally high heart rate and QRS complexes are typically narrow, but aberration or preexcitation may be present. (CDISC)
Definition (NCI_CTCAE) A disorder characterized by a dysrhythmia with a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute that originates above the ventricles.
Definition (MSH) A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D013617
ICD10 I47.1
SnomedCT 195104006, 266305002, 155363003, 6456007
LNC LA17100-1
English Supraventricular Tachycardias, Tachycardia, Supraventricular, Tachycardias, Supraventricular, SVT, TACHYCARDIA SUPRAVENTRICULAR, Supraventric. tachycardia NOS, Supraventricular tachycardia NOS, SVT - Supraventricular tachy, supraventricular tachycardia (diagnosis), supraventricular tachycardia, Tachycardia supraventricular, Tachycardia, Supraventricular [Disease/Finding], tachycardia supraventricular, supraventricular tachycardias, Supraventricular tachycardia (SVtach), Supraventricular tachycardia NOS (disorder), SVT - Supraventricular tachycardia, Supraventricular tachycardia (disorder), supraventricular; tachycardia, tachycardia; supraventricular, Supraventricular tachycardia, NOS, Supraventricular tachycardia, Supraventricular Tachycardia
French TACHYCARDIE SUPRAVENTRICULAIRE, TSV, Tachycardie supraventriculaire, Tachycardie supra-ventriculaire
Portuguese TAQUICARDIA SUPRAVENTRICULAR, Taquicardia supraventricular, Taquicardia Supraventricular
Spanish TAQUICARDIA SUPRAVENTRICULAR, TSV, taquicardia supraventricular, SAI (trastorno), taquicardia supraventricular, SAI, taquicardia supraventricular (trastorno), taquicardia supraventricular, Taquicardia supraventricular, Taquicardia Supraventricular
Dutch tachycardie supraventriculair, SVT, supraventriculair; tachycardie, tachycardie; supraventriculair, supraventriculaire tachycardie, Supraventriculaire tachycardie, Tachycardie, supraventriculaire
German SVT, Supraventrikulaere Tachykardie, TACHYKARDIE SUPRAVENTRIKULAER, Tachykardie supraventrikulaer, Supraventrikuläre Tachykardie, Tachykardie, supraventrikuläre
Japanese 上室性頻脈, ｼﾞｮｳｼﾂｾｲﾋﾝﾐｬｸ
Swedish Takykardi, supraventrikulär
Finnish Supraventrikulaarinen takykardia
Russian TAKHIKARDIIA SUPRAVENTRIKULIARNAIA, TAKHIKARDIIA NADZHELUDOCHKOVAIA, ТАХИКАРДИЯ НАДЖЕЛУДОЧКОВАЯ, ТАХИКАРДИЯ СУПРАВЕНТРИКУЛЯРНАЯ
Czech SVT, Tachykardie supraventrikulární, Supraventrikulární tachykardie, supraventrikulární tachykardie, tachykardie supraventrikulární, supraventrikulární tachyarytmie
Korean 심실상성 빠른맥
Polish Svt, Tachykardia nadkomorowa, Częstoskurcz nadkomorowy
Hungarian SVT, Tachycardia, supraventricularis, Supraventricularis tachycardia
Norwegian Supraventrikulær takykardi
Italian Tachicardia sopraventricolare
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

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