II. Background

  1. TENS Units are available as of 2014 in U.S. without a prescription

III. Mechanism

  1. Electrical current stimulates a nerve Action Potential
  2. Results in Muscle Contraction or altered Sensation

IV. Indications

  1. General electrical stimulation
    1. Tissue and Wound Healing
    2. Localized inflammation
  2. Electrical Muscle Stimulation
    1. Relief of Muscle spasm or Muscle Strengthening (via isometric contraction)
  3. Transcutanous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS Unit)
    1. Localized neuropathic pain

V. Contraindications

  1. Cardiac Arrhythmia or Pacemaker
  2. Thrombophlebitis
  3. Avoid over the Abdomen and Pelvis in pregnancy
  4. Avoid at sites where local Sensation is diminished
  5. Seizure Disorder

VI. Precautions

  1. Apply to clean, dry, intact skin only
  2. Do not apply over Topical Medications or patches
  3. Start at low power and increase dose gradually

VII. References

  1. (2015) Presc Lett 22(2): 9-10

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Related Studies

Cost: Medications

tens (on 10/19/2022 at Medicaid.Gov Survey of pharmacy drug pricing)
TENSION HEADACHE CAPLET Generic OTC $0.08 each

Ontology: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (C0014518)

Definition (CHV) An exfoliative skin disease caused by a toxic reaction to drugs, infections, and substance exposure.
Definition (CHV) An exfoliative skin disease caused by a toxic reaction to drugs, infections, and substance exposure.
Definition (CHV) An exfoliative skin disease caused by a toxic reaction to drugs, infections, and substance exposure.
Definition (CHV) An exfoliative skin disease caused by a toxic reaction to drugs, infections, and substance exposure.
Definition (CHV) An exfoliative skin disease caused by a toxic reaction to drugs, infections, and substance exposure.
Definition (CHV) An exfoliative skin disease caused by a toxic reaction to drugs, infections, and substance exposure.
Definition (CHV) An exfoliative skin disease caused by a toxic reaction to drugs, infections, and substance exposure.
Definition (NCI) A systemic, serious, and life-threatening disorder characterized by erythematous and necrotic lesions in the skin and mucous membranes that are associated with bullous detachment of the epidermis. The epidermal and mucous membranes detachment leads to sepsis and may be fatal. The lesions appear throughout the body and occupy more than 30% of the body surfaces. It is a hypersensitivity reaction usually caused by drugs (e.g., sulfonamides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, and antiretroviral drugs).
Definition (NCI_CTCAE) A disorder characterized by greater than 30% total body skin area separation of dermis. The syndrome is thought to be a hypersensitivity complex affecting the skin and the mucous membranes.
Definition (MSH) An exfoliative disease of skin seen primarily in adults and characterized by flaccid bullae and spreading erythema so that the skin has the appearance of being scalded. It results primarily from a toxic reaction to various drugs, but occasionally occurs as a result of infection, neoplastic conditions, or other exposure.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D004816 , D013262
ICD9 695.15
ICD10 L51.2
SnomedCT 23067006, 200919006, 156362004, 267848009, 311031000009104
English Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, LYELL SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, TEN - Toxic epidermal necrolys, Toxic epidermal necrolysis [Lyell], toxic epidermal necrolysis, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), toxic epidermal necrolysis (diagnosis), TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis), Lyell's disease, Toxic epideoneal necrolysis, Necrolysis epidermal toxic (Lyell type), Lyell syndrome, Syndrome Lyell's, TEN, Lyell Syndrome, Toxic epidrml necrolysis, Lyell toxic epidermal necrolysis, subepidermal type, lyell, lyell syndrome, lyell's syndrome, lyells, lyells syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolyses, Epidermal Necrolyses, Toxic, Scalded Skin Syndrome, Nonstaphylococcal, SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME NONSTAPH, Lyell's Syndrome, Syndromes, Lyell's, Necrolyses, Toxic Epidermal, TOX EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS TOX, Epidermal Necrolysis, Toxic, Nonstaphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome, Syndrome, Lyell's, Necrolysis, Toxic Epidermal, Toxic Epidermal Necrolyses, Lyell's Syndromes, NONSTAPH SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME, Leyell's syndrome, Toxic necrolysis, Necrolysis - toxic, Antibiotic necrolysis, Toxic epidermal necrolysis (disorder), Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Lyell's toxic epidermal necrolysis, subepidermal type, Lyell's syndrome, TEN - Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Lyell's toxic epidermal necrolysis, subepidermal type (disorder), Lyell, necrolysis; toxic epidermal
Spanish NECROLISIS EPIDERMICA TOXICA, SINDROME DE LYELL, NET, Lyell, Síndrome de Lyell, Enfermedad de Lyell, Necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (tipo Lyell), necrólisis epidérmica tóxica de Lyell, tipo subepidérmico (trastorno), necrólisis epidérmica tóxica de Lyell, tipo subepidérmico, síndrome de Lyell, tipo subepidérmico, Necrolisis epidérmica tóxica
Italian Necrolisi tossica epidermica, Malattia di Lyell, Lyell, Sindrome di Lyell, Necrolisi epidermica tossica (tipo Lyell), Necrolisi epidermica tossica
Dutch toxische epidermale necrolyse (Lyell-type), ziekte van Lyell, Leyll-syndroom, Lyell, necrolyse; toxisch epidermaal, Toxische epidermale necrolyse [Lyell], toxische epidermale necrolyse, Epidermolysis acuta toxica, Lyell-syndroom, Necrolyse, toxische epidermale (TEN), Syndroom van Lyell, TEN, Toxische epidermale necrolyse
French Syndrome de Debré-Lamy-Lamotte, Lyell, NET, Nécrolyse épidermique toxique (de type Lyell), Maladie de Lyell, NECROLYSE TOXIQUE EPIDERMIQUE, SYNDROME DE LYELL, Nécroépidermolyse aiguë, Érythrodermie bulleuse avec épidermolyse, Nécrose toxique de l'épiderme, Nécrolyse épidermique toxique, NET (Nécrolyse Épidermique Toxique), Épidermolyse bulleuse toxique, Épidermolyse nécrosante suraiguë, Syndrome de Lyell, Nécrolyse épidermique aiguë
German TEN, Lyell, Syndrom Lyell, Lyell-Krankheit, toxische epidermale Nekrolyse, Lyell-Syndrom, Nekrolyse epidermal toxisch (Lyell-Typ), LYELL SYNDROM, TOXISCH EPIDERMALE NEKROLYSE, Toxische epidermale Nekrolyse [Lyell-Syndrom], Epidermale Nekrolyse, toxische, Epidermolysis toxica acuta, Lyell-Syndrom, toxisches, Toxische epidermale Nekrolyse, Symptom der verbrühten Haut, Toxisches Lyell-Syndrom, Epidermolysis acuta toxica
Portuguese Síndroma de Lyell, Doença de Lyell, Necrólise epidérmica tóxica (tipo Lyell), Síndrome de Lyell, NECROLISE EPIDERMICA TOXIC, SINDROMA DE LYELL, Necrólise epidérmica tóxica
Japanese 中毒性表皮壊死融解症(ライエル型), 中毒性表皮壊死融解症, ライエル, TEN, ライエルビョウ, チュウドクセイヒョウヒエシユウカイショウライエルガタ, ライエルショウコウグン, ライエル, チュウドクセイヒョウヒエシユウカイショウ, TEN, 表皮壊死融解-中毒性, Lyell症候群, TEN型薬疹, テン型薬疹, ライエル病, ライエル症候群, リエル症候群, 中毒性皮膚え死融解, 中毒性皮膚壊死融解, 中毒性表皮え死融解, 中毒性表皮壊死剥脱症, 中毒性表皮壊死融解, 中毒性表皮融解壊死型薬疹, 中毒性表皮融解症, 非ブドウ球菌性皮膚剥離症候群, Lyell病, 中毒性表皮壊死症型薬疹, 熱傷様皮膚症候群-非ブドウ球菌性, 非ブドウ球菌性熱傷様皮膚症候群
Swedish Epidermal nekrolys, toxisk
Finnish Toksinen epidermaalinen nekrolyysi
Czech Lyellův syndrom, Lyellův syndrom "opařené kůže", Toxická epidermální nekrolýza, Lyellova choroba, Toxická epidermální nekrolýza ( Lyellova typu), necrolysis epidermalis toxica, epidermolýza toxická nekrotizující
Korean 중독성 표피 괴사용해[라이엘]
Polish Toksyczna nekroliza naskórka, Toksyczna martwica naskórka, Martwica naskórkowa toksyczna, Zespół Lyella, Martwica naskórka toksyczna
Hungarian Epidermalis necrolysis toxikus (Lyell-típusú), TEN, Lyell, Lyell-syndroma, Lyell-betegség, necrolysis epidermalis toxica, Lyell syndroma, Toxikus epidermalis necrolysis
Norwegian Epidermal nekrolyse, toksisk, Toksisk epidermal nekrolyse, Lyells syndrom
Croatian LYELLOV SINDROM, EPIDERMALNA NEKROLIZA, TOKSIČNA