II. Management: Acute Musculoskeletal Injury (first 72 hours after injury)
- See Acute Pain Management
- See Acute Pain Management in Children
- Home management
- Local Cold Therapy (as well as other RICE-M modalities)
- Gentle active range of motion
- Isometric Exercise
- Physical therapy modalities (daily for 5 days)
- Electrical Muscle Stimulation
- Pulsed Ultrasound
- Gentle massage
- Therapeutic Goals
- Decrease swelling and pain
- Improve range of motion
- Speed healing
III. Management: Subacute Musculoskeletal Injury (3-14 days after injury)
- Home management
- Local Heat Therapy
- Active range of motion and Stretching
- Isotonic Exercise
- Physical therapy modalities (three times weekly for 2 weeks)
- Electrical Muscle Stimulation
- Iontophoresis
- Massage and joint mobilization
- Therapeutic Goals
- Improve range of motion and function
- Improve Muscle tone
IV. Management: Chronic Musculoskeletal Injury (Beyond 2 weeks after injury)
- See Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Management
- See Low Back Pain Management
- Home management
- Contrast Bath
- Muscle Strengthening and joint stabilization
- Active range of motion and Stretching
- Isotonic Exercise
- Physical therapy modalities (twice weekly for 4 weeks)
- Continuous Ultrasound Therapy
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
- Myofascial release techniques
- Therapeutic Goals
- Normalize tissue length
- Normalize Activities of Daily Living