Oral Health

Aka: Oral Health, Oral Hygiene, Dental Health, Dental Hygiene, Tooth Brush, ToothBrush, Medications Affecting Oral Health, Drug-Induced Dental Conditions

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II. Epidemiology

  1. Adults over age 17: Average 8 caries in US
  2. Adults over age 64: 41% edentulous
  3. No dental insurance in U.S. for 74 Million (2016)
  4. Emergency Department visits in U.S. for Dental Pain (2010): 2 Million Vists/year

III. Risk Factors: Habits Adversely Affecting Oral Health

  1. Frequent sugar intake
  2. Inadequate oral care (Tooth Brushing, flossing, dental visits)
  3. Inadequate fluoride exposure
  4. Substance Abuse
    1. Tobacco Use
    2. Alcohol Use Disorder
    3. Methamphetamine use

IV. Risk Factors: Conditions Associated with Oral Disease

  1. Risks for oral neoplasms
    1. Tobacco Abuse
    2. Alcohol Abuse
  2. Poor Dental Hygiene due to Inhibited self care
    1. Neurologic disease
    2. Mental illness
    3. Physical Handicaps
  3. Xerostomia causes
    1. See Xerostomia
    2. See Medication Causes of Xerostomia
    3. Diabetes Mellitus
    4. Sjogren's Syndrome
  4. Local dental injury
    1. Bulimia or Recurrent Vomiting
    2. Chemotherapy
    3. Radiation Therapy to head and neck
  5. Other conditions affecting Oral Health
    1. AIDS or other Immunodeficiency
    2. Blood dyscrasia

V. Risk Factors: Medications Affecting Oral Health

  1. Medication Causes of Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)
  2. Gingival Hyperplasia (esp. Calcium Channel Blockers and anticonvulsants)
  3. Oral Mucosa Hyperpigmentation
  4. Allergic Contact Stomatitis
  5. Jaw Osteonecrosis
  6. Drug-Induced Tooth Staining
  7. Stevens Johnson Syndrome
  8. Altered Host resistance
    1. Antibiotics
    2. Systemic Corticosteroids or Inhaled Corticosteroids

VI. Management: General Recommendations

  1. See Oral Health in Children
  2. Floss daily
  3. Brush for 2 minutes at least twice daily (with fluoride toothpaste)
    1. Use a soft bristled ToothBrush to avoid tooth or gum damage
    2. Replace the brush every 3-4 months
    3. Brush up and down, not side to side
  4. Toothpaste
    1. Fluoride toothpaste
    2. Sensidine toothpaste for tooth sensitivity
  5. ToothBrush
    1. Standard ToothBrush
      1. Effective if used properly for 2 minutes per time
    2. Electric ToothBrush (Oral-B, Sonicare, Spinbrush)
      1. Indicated for decreased manual dexterity or poor brushing technique
      2. May reduce Plaque and Gingivitis more than a standard brush
        1. But no evidence for reduced cavities or Periodontal Disease
      3. Most electric ToothBrushes have a 2 minute timer which may promote adequate brushing times
      4. No significant superiority of one brush over another
        1. Although Oral B rotary brush may have more evidence in support
      5. Deacon (2010) Cochrane Database Syst Rev (12):CD004971 [PubMed]
      6. Robinson (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD002281 [PubMed]
  6. Fluoride
    1. Consider fluoride rinse (e.g. Act)
  7. Other measures
    1. Tobacco Cessation

VII. Complications: Poor Dentition

  1. Oral complications
    1. Tooth Pain
    2. Gingivitis
    3. Periodontitis
    4. Tooth Loss
  2. Systemic complications
    1. Heart disease
    2. Diabetes Mellitus
    3. Osteoporosis

VIII. References

  1. Stephens (2018) Am Fam Physician 98(11): 654-60 [PubMed]

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Related Studies

Ontology: Oral health (C0029162)

Definition (OMS) Condition of the mouth and gums and the number, type, and arrangement of the teeth.
Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

It's important to take care of your mouth and teeth starting in childhood. If you don't, you could have problems with your teeth and gums - like cavities or even tooth loss.

Here's how to keep your mouth and teeth healthy:

  • Brush your teeth every day with a fluoride toothpaste
  • Clean between your teeth every day with floss or another type of between-the-teeth cleaner
  • Snack smart - limit sugary snacks
  • Don't smoke or chew tobacco
  • See your dentist or oral health professional regularly

NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
Definition (CSP) for thorough searching also see DENTISTRY.
Definition (MSH) The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease.
Concepts Health Care Activity (T058)
MSH D009909
English Health, Oral, Oral Health, dental health, Oral health, oral health, Dental Health
French Santé buccodentaire, Santé bucco-dentaire, Santé dentaire
Swedish Munhälsa
Czech orální zdraví, ústní dutina - zdravotní stav
Finnish Suun terveys
Russian ROTOVOI POLOSTI SOSTOIANIE ZDOROV'IA, РОТОВОЙ ПОЛОСТИ СОСТОЯНИЕ ЗДОРОВЬЯ
Croatian ORALNO ZDRAVLJE
Polish Stan jamy ustnej, Zdrowie jamy ustnej, Stan zdrowotny jamy ustnej
Norwegian Tannhelse, Munnhelse
German Oraler Gesundheitszustand
Italian Salute orale
Dutch Orale gezondheid
Portuguese Saúde Bucal
Spanish Salud Bucal
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)

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