II. Causes
- See Medication Causes of Hyperpigmentation
-
Adrenal Insufficiency
- May be associated with Candidiasis in Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome
- Darker pigmentation related to ethnicity
- Medication Causes of Hyperpigmentation
- Neurofibromatosis 1
- McCune-Albright Syndrome
- Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
- Smoker's Melanosis (Tobacco Abuse)
- Diffuse, patchy Gingival Hyperpigmentation related to Nicotine staining
- Oral melanocytic nevi
- Melanotic Macules
- Most common Oral Mucosal Melanocyte derivatives (esp. women)
- Small (<1 cm), solitary, well-defined, iniformly pigmented lesions on lower lip, Gingiva or Palate
III. Differential Diagnosis
- See Tooth Discoloration
- Oral Melanoma
IV. Management
- Exclude Melanoma
- Eliminate or reduce dosing of causative agents
- Consider Tooth Discoloration causes that may be discoloring mucosa as well
- Refractory cases
- Surgical mucosal stripping of hyperpigmented tissue (e.g. laser, Cryotherapy, scalpel)
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Related Studies
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| SnomedCT | 196577004, 84647002, 266430000 |
| English | melanoplakia, melanoplakia (diagnosis), Melanoplakia oral, Melanoplakia, Buccal pigmented patches, Oral pigmented patches, Oral melanoplakia, Melanoplakia (disorder), Oral melanoplakia (disorder) |
| Spanish | Melanoplaquia oral, melanoplaquia (trastorno), melanoplaquia bucal (trastorno), melanoplaquia bucal, melanoplaquia, parches pigmentados bucales, parches pigmentados orales |
| Dutch | melanoplakie oraal |
| German | orale Melanoplakie |
| Japanese | 口腔内黒斑症, ｺｳｺｳﾅｲｺｸﾊﾝｼｮｳ, ｺｳｸｳﾅｲｺｸﾊﾝｼｮｳ |
| Czech | Melanoplakie úst |
| Portuguese | Melanoplaquia oral |
| Italian | Malanoplachia orale |
| French | Mélanoplakie orale |
| Hungarian | Melanoplakia oralis |
Ontology: Melanin pigmentation of oral mucosa (C0399483)
| Concepts | Finding (T033) |
| SnomedCT | 235038002 |
| English | Hyperpigment of oral mucosa, Melanin pigmentatn oral mucosa, Hyperpigmentation of oral mucosa, Melanin pigmentation of oral mucosa, Melanin pigmentation of oral mucosa (disorder) |
| Spanish | pigmentación melánica de la mucosa oral (trastorno), pigmentación melánica de la mucosa oral |
