II. Epidemiology

  1. Prevalence: 10-30%

III. Pathophysiology

  1. Type of Ventral Hernia
  2. Infants
    1. Congenital defect in linea alba (failure to close completely at birth)
    2. Umbilical ring usually closes by age 12-18 months
    3. Repair is rarely recommended under age 3 years
    4. Regardless of Hernia size, 89% spontaneously close by age 5 years
      1. He (2024) JAMA Pediatr 178(5): 497-8 [PubMed]
  3. Adults (Paraumbilical Hernia): Predisposing factors
    1. Women with Multiparity
    2. Obesity
    3. Cirrhosis with Ascites
    4. Increased intrathoracic pressure (e.g. Asthma, COPD)
    5. African american

IV. Signs

  1. Congenital Hernia protrudes through firm collar
    1. Complete fibrous collar continuous with linea alba
    2. Palpable as firm ring
  2. Adult Paraumbilical Hernias
    1. Soft Hernia covered only by skin
    2. May be obscured by subcutaneous fat

V. Differential Diagnosis

VI. Complications

  1. High risk of Incarcerated Hernia (especially men and Overweight women)
    1. Incarceration typically with preperitoneal fat
    2. Large Umbilical Hernias may entrap Large Bowel

VII. References

  1. Degowin (1987) Diagnostic Examination, p. 489-96
  2. Goroll (2000) Primary Care Medicine, p. 431-433
  3. Stevens (2013) Crit Dec Emerg Med 27(9): 2

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Related Studies

Ontology: Paraumbilical hernia (C0019311)

Concepts Anatomical Abnormality (T190)
ICD10 K42
SnomedCT 196873009, 266515007, 196854005, 155754003, 29862005
English Paraumbilical hernia, Unspecif.paraumbilical hernia, Unspecified paraumbilical hernia, Para-umbilical hernia, paraumbilical hernia, para-umbilical hernia, hernias para umbilical, para umbilical hernia, Unspecified paraumbilical hernia (disorder), paraumbilical hernia (diagnosis), Paraumbilical hernia (disorder), Paraumbilical hernia, NOS
Spanish Hernia paraumbilical, hernia paraumbilical no especificada, hernia paraumbilical no especificada (trastorno), hernia paraumbilical (trastorno), hernia paraumbilical
Portuguese Hérnia paraumbilical
French Hernie para-ombilicale
Italian Ernia paraombelicale
German Nabelbruch
Dutch paranavelhernia
Czech Paraumbilikální hernie
Japanese サイシュウイヘルニア, ヘソシュウイヘルニア, 臍周囲ヘルニア
Hungarian Para-umbilicalis hernia

Ontology: Umbilical hernia (C0019322)

Concepts Anatomical Abnormality (T190)
ICD10 K42 , K42.9
SnomedCT 196871006, 266514006, 196875002, 196854005, 155753009, 49324006, 196874003, 396347007
English Umbilical hernia, Umbilical hernia NOS, Hernia Umbilical, Unspecif.umbilical hernia NOS, Unspecified umbilical hernia, Unspecified umbilical hernia NOS, abdomen hernia umbilical, umbilical hernia (physical finding), umbilical hernia (diagnosis), umbilical hernia, umbilical hernias, Hernia;umbilical, exomphalos, Umbilical hernias, Umbilical Hernia, Hernia - umbilical, Unspecified umbilical hernia (disorder), Umbilical hernia NOS (disorder), Unspecified umbilical hernia NOS (disorder), Umbilical hernia (disorder), hernia; umbilical, umbilical; hernia, Umbilical hernia, NOS
Italian Ernia ombelicale, Ernie ombelicali, Ernia ombelicale NAS
Dutch navelbreuk NAO, hernia; umbilicalis, umbilicalis; hernia, navelbreuken, navelbreuk, Hernia umbilicalis
French Hernie ombilicale SAI, Hernie ombilicale, Hernies ombilicales
German Nabelbruch NNB, Hernia umbilicalis, Nabelbruch, Nabelbrueche
Portuguese Hérnia umbilical NE, Hérnia umbilical, Hérnias umbilicais
Spanish Hernia umbilical NEOM, hernia umbilical, SAI (trastorno), hernia umbilical no especificada (trastorno), hernia umbilical no especificada, hernia umbilical, SAI, hernia paraumbilical no especificada, SAI (trastorno), hernia paraumbilical no especificada, SAI, hernia umbilical (trastorno), hernia umbilical, Hernia umbilical, Hernias umbilicales
Japanese 臍ヘルニアNOS, 臍ヘルニア, ヘソヘルニアNOS, サイヘルニアNOS, サイヘルニア
Czech Pupeční kýla, Pupeční kýly, Pupeční kýla NOS
Korean 배꼽헤르니아
Hungarian Umbilicalis hernia k.m.n., Umbilicalis sérvek, Umbilicalis hernia