II. Causes: Auscultated and Audible Lung Sounds
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General
- Abnormal lung sounds may be most prominent in general at the mid-axillary line
- Absent breath sounds
- Foreign body or other complete airway obstruction
- Pneumothorax or Hemothorax
- Pneumonia
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Wheezing
- Lower airway obstruction
- Best auscultated at the upper anterior chest (lung apices)
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Stridor
- Upper airway obstruction
- Rales (inspiratory crackles)
- Fluid in the small airways and alvoeli
- Best auscultated at the posterior bases
- Rhonchi